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Effect of source and journey on physiological variables in calves transported by road and ferry between Ireland and the Netherlands
This study aimed to establish baseline variables for calves transported by road and ferry from Ireland to the Netherlands and to investigate the effect of journey [two comparable journeys in April (J1) and May (J2) 2022] and source [source farm or mart (SF/MA)] on these variables. A total of 66 calv...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10566621/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37829357 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1238734 |
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author | van Dijk, Luca L. Siegmann, Susanne Field, Niamh L. Sugrue, Katie van Reenen, Cornelis G. Bokkers, Eddie A. M. Sayers, Gearoid Conneely, Muireann |
author_facet | van Dijk, Luca L. Siegmann, Susanne Field, Niamh L. Sugrue, Katie van Reenen, Cornelis G. Bokkers, Eddie A. M. Sayers, Gearoid Conneely, Muireann |
author_sort | van Dijk, Luca L. |
collection | PubMed |
description | This study aimed to establish baseline variables for calves transported by road and ferry from Ireland to the Netherlands and to investigate the effect of journey [two comparable journeys in April (J1) and May (J2) 2022] and source [source farm or mart (SF/MA)] on these variables. A total of 66 calves from the SF/MA were transported from Ireland to commercial veal farms in the Netherlands. Blood samples were collected at the SF/MA, assembly center (Ireland), lairage (France), and on arrival on the veal farm (Netherlands). They were analyzed for indicator variables related to energy balance, hydration/electrolytes, physical/muscular stress, immunity, and inflammation [glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), potassium, sodium, magnesium, chloride, urea, haematocrit, total protein, creatine kinase, L-lactate, cortisol, white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts, serum amyloid-A, and haptoglobin]. Health variables eye and nose discharge, skin tent (a measure of dehydration), and navel inflammation were scored by a trained observer, and calves were weighed at every blood-sampling time point. All blood variables and body weight changed significantly (P < 0.05) during transport, most notably between the assembly center and lairage. Reference ranges were available for 18 variables; 11 of these variables exceeded the reference ranges at the lairage, whilst 10 variables exceeded the reference ranges on arrival at the veal farm. However, health variables did not change during transport. A journey-to-journey comparison indicated much variation; 18 out of 25 variables differed significantly on at least one time point. In total, J1 calves experienced a more severe change in BHB, potassium, strong-ion-difference, L-lactate, and eye and nose discharge than J2 calves. The source of calves also affected their physiology; 12 out of 25 variables studied differed significantly, all of which were confined to the first time point. Specifically, MA calves had elevated levels of NEFA, urea, haematocrit, L-lactate, cortisol, white blood cell, neutrophil, and monocyte counts and lower levels of corrected chloride and lymphocyte count. Overall, calves in this study showed a generalized physiological disturbance beyond reference limits during long-distance transport, but no animal died during transport or for 3 weeks post-arrival. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10566621 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105666212023-10-12 Effect of source and journey on physiological variables in calves transported by road and ferry between Ireland and the Netherlands van Dijk, Luca L. Siegmann, Susanne Field, Niamh L. Sugrue, Katie van Reenen, Cornelis G. Bokkers, Eddie A. M. Sayers, Gearoid Conneely, Muireann Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science This study aimed to establish baseline variables for calves transported by road and ferry from Ireland to the Netherlands and to investigate the effect of journey [two comparable journeys in April (J1) and May (J2) 2022] and source [source farm or mart (SF/MA)] on these variables. A total of 66 calves from the SF/MA were transported from Ireland to commercial veal farms in the Netherlands. Blood samples were collected at the SF/MA, assembly center (Ireland), lairage (France), and on arrival on the veal farm (Netherlands). They were analyzed for indicator variables related to energy balance, hydration/electrolytes, physical/muscular stress, immunity, and inflammation [glucose, beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), potassium, sodium, magnesium, chloride, urea, haematocrit, total protein, creatine kinase, L-lactate, cortisol, white blood cell, neutrophil, lymphocyte and monocyte counts, serum amyloid-A, and haptoglobin]. Health variables eye and nose discharge, skin tent (a measure of dehydration), and navel inflammation were scored by a trained observer, and calves were weighed at every blood-sampling time point. All blood variables and body weight changed significantly (P < 0.05) during transport, most notably between the assembly center and lairage. Reference ranges were available for 18 variables; 11 of these variables exceeded the reference ranges at the lairage, whilst 10 variables exceeded the reference ranges on arrival at the veal farm. However, health variables did not change during transport. A journey-to-journey comparison indicated much variation; 18 out of 25 variables differed significantly on at least one time point. In total, J1 calves experienced a more severe change in BHB, potassium, strong-ion-difference, L-lactate, and eye and nose discharge than J2 calves. The source of calves also affected their physiology; 12 out of 25 variables studied differed significantly, all of which were confined to the first time point. Specifically, MA calves had elevated levels of NEFA, urea, haematocrit, L-lactate, cortisol, white blood cell, neutrophil, and monocyte counts and lower levels of corrected chloride and lymphocyte count. Overall, calves in this study showed a generalized physiological disturbance beyond reference limits during long-distance transport, but no animal died during transport or for 3 weeks post-arrival. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-09-26 /pmc/articles/PMC10566621/ /pubmed/37829357 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1238734 Text en Copyright © 2023 van Dijk, Siegmann, Field, Sugrue, van Reenen, Bokkers, Sayers and Conneely. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Veterinary Science van Dijk, Luca L. Siegmann, Susanne Field, Niamh L. Sugrue, Katie van Reenen, Cornelis G. Bokkers, Eddie A. M. Sayers, Gearoid Conneely, Muireann Effect of source and journey on physiological variables in calves transported by road and ferry between Ireland and the Netherlands |
title | Effect of source and journey on physiological variables in calves transported by road and ferry between Ireland and the Netherlands |
title_full | Effect of source and journey on physiological variables in calves transported by road and ferry between Ireland and the Netherlands |
title_fullStr | Effect of source and journey on physiological variables in calves transported by road and ferry between Ireland and the Netherlands |
title_full_unstemmed | Effect of source and journey on physiological variables in calves transported by road and ferry between Ireland and the Netherlands |
title_short | Effect of source and journey on physiological variables in calves transported by road and ferry between Ireland and the Netherlands |
title_sort | effect of source and journey on physiological variables in calves transported by road and ferry between ireland and the netherlands |
topic | Veterinary Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10566621/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37829357 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1238734 |
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