Anti-proliferative, anti-migration, and anti-invasion activity of novel hesperidin glycosides in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Several attempts have been made to synthesize and investigate modified flavonoids to improve their potential anticancer efficacy. This study aimed to determine the in vitro anti-viability, anti-migration, and anti-invasive effects of two novel hesperidin glycosides, hesperidin glucoside (HG1) and hesperidin maltoside (HG2), compared to original hesperidin and diosmin. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Inhibitory effects on normal (MRC5) and cancer (A549) cell viability of hesperidin glycosides were investigated by the trypan blue and MTS assays. A scratch assay determined the suppressive effects on cancer cell migration, and inhibition of cancer cell invasion was investigated through Matrigel™. The selectivity index (SI), a marker of cell toxicity, was also determined for A549 relative to MRC5 cells. FINDINGS/RESULTS: The cell viability trypan blue and MTS assays showed similar results of the inhibition of A549 cancer cells; HG1 and HG2 had lower IC(50) than original hesperidin and diosmin. The SI of HG1 and HG2 was > 2 after 72-h culture. Investigation of cell migration showed that HG1 and HG2 inhibited the ability of gap closure in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The infiltration of the Matrigel™-coated filter by A549 cells was suppressed in the presence of HG1 and HG2. This result implied that HG1 and HG2 could inhibit cancer cell invasion. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION: Our results suggest the inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasion in a time- and concentration-related manner with a favorable toxic profile. Moreover, HG(1) and HG(2) appeared potentially better agents than the original hesperidin for future anticancer development.