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Effectiveness of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 and at high risk of hospitalization: Systematic review and meta-analyses of observational studies
OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in the treatment of outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19 who are at higher risk of developing severe illness, through a systematic review with meta-analyses of observational studies. METHODS: A systematic search was performed, in...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10569636/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37824507 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284006 |
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author | Souza, Kathiaja Miranda Carrasco, Gabriela Rojas-Cortés, Robin Michel Barbosa, Mariana Bambirra, Eduardo Henrique Ferreira Castro, José Luis Alvares-Teodoro, Juliana |
author_facet | Souza, Kathiaja Miranda Carrasco, Gabriela Rojas-Cortés, Robin Michel Barbosa, Mariana Bambirra, Eduardo Henrique Ferreira Castro, José Luis Alvares-Teodoro, Juliana |
author_sort | Souza, Kathiaja Miranda |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in the treatment of outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19 who are at higher risk of developing severe illness, through a systematic review with meta-analyses of observational studies. METHODS: A systematic search was performed, in accordance with the Cochrane search methods, to identify observational studies that met the inclusion criteria. The outcomes of mortality and hospitalization were analyzed. Search was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library. Two reviewers independently screened references, selected the studies, extracted the data, assessed the risk of bias using ROBINS-I tool and evaluated the quality of evidence using the GRADE tool. This study followed the PRISMA reporting guideline. RESULTS: A total of 16 observational studies were finally included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that in comparison to standard treatment without antivirals, nirmatrelvir-ritonavir reduced the risk of death by 59% (OR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.35–0.52; moderate certainty of evidence). In addition, a 53% reduction in the risk of hospital admission was observed (OR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.36–0.60, with very low certainty of evidence). For the composite outcome of hospitalization and/or mortality, there was a 56% risk reduction (OR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.31–0.64, moderate certainty of evidence). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that nirmatrelvir-ritonavir could be effective in reducing mortality and hospitalization. The results were valid in vaccinated or unvaccinated high-risk individuals with COVID-19. Data from ongoing and future trials may further advance our understanding of the effectiveness and safety of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and help improve treatment guidelines for COVID-19. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10569636 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105696362023-10-13 Effectiveness of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 and at high risk of hospitalization: Systematic review and meta-analyses of observational studies Souza, Kathiaja Miranda Carrasco, Gabriela Rojas-Cortés, Robin Michel Barbosa, Mariana Bambirra, Eduardo Henrique Ferreira Castro, José Luis Alvares-Teodoro, Juliana PLoS One Research Article OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir in the treatment of outpatients with mild to moderate COVID-19 who are at higher risk of developing severe illness, through a systematic review with meta-analyses of observational studies. METHODS: A systematic search was performed, in accordance with the Cochrane search methods, to identify observational studies that met the inclusion criteria. The outcomes of mortality and hospitalization were analyzed. Search was conducted on PubMed, EMBASE, and The Cochrane Library. Two reviewers independently screened references, selected the studies, extracted the data, assessed the risk of bias using ROBINS-I tool and evaluated the quality of evidence using the GRADE tool. This study followed the PRISMA reporting guideline. RESULTS: A total of 16 observational studies were finally included. The results of the meta-analysis showed that in comparison to standard treatment without antivirals, nirmatrelvir-ritonavir reduced the risk of death by 59% (OR = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.35–0.52; moderate certainty of evidence). In addition, a 53% reduction in the risk of hospital admission was observed (OR = 0.47; 95% CI: 0.36–0.60, with very low certainty of evidence). For the composite outcome of hospitalization and/or mortality, there was a 56% risk reduction (OR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.31–0.64, moderate certainty of evidence). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that nirmatrelvir-ritonavir could be effective in reducing mortality and hospitalization. The results were valid in vaccinated or unvaccinated high-risk individuals with COVID-19. Data from ongoing and future trials may further advance our understanding of the effectiveness and safety of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir and help improve treatment guidelines for COVID-19. Public Library of Science 2023-10-12 /pmc/articles/PMC10569636/ /pubmed/37824507 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284006 Text en © 2023 Souza et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Souza, Kathiaja Miranda Carrasco, Gabriela Rojas-Cortés, Robin Michel Barbosa, Mariana Bambirra, Eduardo Henrique Ferreira Castro, José Luis Alvares-Teodoro, Juliana Effectiveness of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 and at high risk of hospitalization: Systematic review and meta-analyses of observational studies |
title | Effectiveness of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 and at high risk of hospitalization: Systematic review and meta-analyses of observational studies |
title_full | Effectiveness of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 and at high risk of hospitalization: Systematic review and meta-analyses of observational studies |
title_fullStr | Effectiveness of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 and at high risk of hospitalization: Systematic review and meta-analyses of observational studies |
title_full_unstemmed | Effectiveness of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 and at high risk of hospitalization: Systematic review and meta-analyses of observational studies |
title_short | Effectiveness of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate COVID-19 and at high risk of hospitalization: Systematic review and meta-analyses of observational studies |
title_sort | effectiveness of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir for the treatment of patients with mild to moderate covid-19 and at high risk of hospitalization: systematic review and meta-analyses of observational studies |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10569636/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37824507 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284006 |
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