GPR30 agonist G1 combined with hypothermia alleviates cognitive impairment and anxiety‐like behavior after subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the treatment effect of G protein‐coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) agonist G1 combined with hypothermia (HT) on cognitive impairment and anxiety‐like behavior after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) in rats. METHODS: Fifty male rats were randomly assigned to one of five groups: Sham group, SAH group, SAH + G1 group, SAH + HT group, and SAH + G1 + HT group. The SAH rat model was established by modified endovascular puncture in all groups except the Sham group. Neurological function after the operation was assessed by Garcia scoring. The degree of rat cerebral edema was determined using dry‐wet weighing method on the 28th day after operation. Moreover, the behavioral test was performed on rats on the 4th and 28th days after operation. RESULTS: Compared with Sham group, the Garcia score of each SAH rat model group decreased significantly on the first day and thereafter increased gradually. However, the recovery rate of each treatment group was higher than the SAH group (no treatment), and the Garcia score of SAH + G1 + HT group was much higher than the SAH group on the seventh day after operation. In addition, each treatment group could obviously reduce the cerebral edema degree of SAH rats, among which rats in SAH + G1 + HT group had lower cerebral edema degree than SAH + G1 group and SAH + HT group. Behavioral test results showed that the combination of GPR30 agonist G1 and HT markedly improved the learning and memory ability of SAH rats, alleviated their anxiety‐ and emotion‐related behavior, and enhanced their social interaction. CONCLUSION: GPR30 agonist G1 combined with HT reduces cognitive impairment and anxiety‐like behavior in rats with SAH.