Exploring Possible Diagnostic Precancerous Biomarkers for Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Narrative Review

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Oral submucous fibrosis is a progressive oral disorder categorized as a potentially malignant condition. Researchers have identified specific molecular biomarkers associated with oral submucous fibrosis. The objective of our study was to conduct an up-to-date and comprehensive review of molecular biomarkers linked to oral submucous fibrosis, as investigated in studies conducted within the last five years. We organized potential molecular biomarkers associated with oral submucous fibrosis and categorized them based on cytological characteristics and sampling methodologies. To aid in the development of practical diagnostic methods for detecting oral submucous fibrosis, our study provides fellow researchers with a coherent and informative overview of these molecular biomarkers. ABSTRACT: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) stands as a progressive oral ailment, designated as a potentially malignant disorder. OSF has gained widespread recognition as a significant precursor to malignant transformation. In the pursuit of dependable, straightforward, and non-invasive diagnostic measures for the early detection of oral malignant progression, research has delved into potential diagnostic biomarkers of OSF. This comprehensive review delves into current investigations that explore the correlation between various biomarkers and OSF. The molecular biomarkers of OSF are categorized based on cytology and sampling methods. Moreover, this review encompasses pertinent studies detailing how these biomarkers are acquired and processed. Within this scope, we scrutinize four potential biomarkers that hold the promise of facilitating the development of diagnostic tools for detecting early-stage OSF.