Promotion of Pregnant Merino Ewes’ Welfare with the Introduction of a Drought- and High-Temperature-Resistant Cereal into Their Diet: Analysis of Tritordeum Meadow

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Nutrition is one of the strategies for improving animal welfare because it meets the metabolic, functional, and physical needs of animals. Tritordeum is a robust cereal with yields like different wheat varieties, with high resistance to drought, a high-temperature stress, pathogens, and low fertiliser requirements; these characteristics that make it suitable for its use in sustainable production systems with low environmental impact. In addition, it has specific properties and functionalities that are not found in any other cereal. Physiological indicators of animal welfare have been evaluated in line with the new regulatory guidelines of the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy, making ovine farmers aware and respectful of animal welfare, considering strategies like the inclusion of this new cereal with beneficial health effects in their livestock diets. ABSTRACT: Tritordeum is a new cereal resistant to drought and high temperatures, and it is a very healthy crop. The aim of this study was to compare two different diets (tritordeum meadow vs. oat meadow) for grazing pregnant ewes to determine if there was any effect on the objective physiological indicators of animal welfare. A total of 150 pregnant Merino ewes (3–5 years) were randomly divided into two groups (n = 75 each) to be fed with two different meadows, being evaluated during the spring season. Red blood cells count, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, white blood cell count, neutrophiles/lymphocytes ratio, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine phosphokinase, aspartate aminotransferase, glucose, cortisol, total plasma proteins, albumin, globulins, albumin/globulins ratio, alkaline phosphatase, glutamate dehydrogenase, IgA, and IgG were determined. Overall, the results of this study indicate that the welfare of pregnant ewes fed with tritordeum meadow was better than that of pregnant ewes fed with oat meadow. Tritordeum meadow had a positive influence on the physiological parameters of animal welfare studied in pregnant Merino ewes. Therefore, tritordeum meadow can be considered a functional feed, as it has a beneficial effect on health beyond its basic nutritional value. Farmers are recommended to feed a cereal such as tritordeum grassland to their sheep, as it not only ensures that the animals benefit from all the nutrients, but also prevents diseases and improves their quality of life. In addition, the cereal’s resistance to fungal diseases makes it suitable for use in sustainable production systems with a reduced environmental footprint.