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Fractalkine/CX(3)CR1 in Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Potential Future Target for Immunomodulatory Therapy?
Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a cardiac condition with structural and functional impairment, where either the left ventricle or both ventricular chambers are enlarged, coinciding with reduced systolic pump function (reduced ejection fraction, rEF). The prevalence of DCM is more than 1:250 individu...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10571889/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37830591 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12192377 |
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author | Jeyalan, Visvesh Austin, David Loh, Shu Xian Wangsaputra, Vincent Kharisma Spyridopoulos, Ioakim |
author_facet | Jeyalan, Visvesh Austin, David Loh, Shu Xian Wangsaputra, Vincent Kharisma Spyridopoulos, Ioakim |
author_sort | Jeyalan, Visvesh |
collection | PubMed |
description | Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a cardiac condition with structural and functional impairment, where either the left ventricle or both ventricular chambers are enlarged, coinciding with reduced systolic pump function (reduced ejection fraction, rEF). The prevalence of DCM is more than 1:250 individuals, and mortality largely due to heart failure in two-third of cases, and sudden cardiac death in one-third of patients. Damage to the myocardium, whether from a genetic or environmental cause such as viruses, triggers inflammation and recruits immune cells to the heart to repair the myocardium. Examination of myocardial biopsy tissue often reveals an inflammatory cell infiltrate, T lymphocyte (T cell) infiltration, or other activated immune cells. Despite medical therapy, adverse outcomes for DCM remain. The evidence base and existing literature suggest that upregulation of CX(3)CR1, migration of immune cells, together with cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity is associated with worse outcomes in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. We hypothesise that this potentially occurs through cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, resulting in adverse remodelling. Immune modulators to target this pathway may potentially improve outcomes above and beyond current guideline-recommended therapy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10571889 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105718892023-10-14 Fractalkine/CX(3)CR1 in Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Potential Future Target for Immunomodulatory Therapy? Jeyalan, Visvesh Austin, David Loh, Shu Xian Wangsaputra, Vincent Kharisma Spyridopoulos, Ioakim Cells Review Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a cardiac condition with structural and functional impairment, where either the left ventricle or both ventricular chambers are enlarged, coinciding with reduced systolic pump function (reduced ejection fraction, rEF). The prevalence of DCM is more than 1:250 individuals, and mortality largely due to heart failure in two-third of cases, and sudden cardiac death in one-third of patients. Damage to the myocardium, whether from a genetic or environmental cause such as viruses, triggers inflammation and recruits immune cells to the heart to repair the myocardium. Examination of myocardial biopsy tissue often reveals an inflammatory cell infiltrate, T lymphocyte (T cell) infiltration, or other activated immune cells. Despite medical therapy, adverse outcomes for DCM remain. The evidence base and existing literature suggest that upregulation of CX(3)CR1, migration of immune cells, together with cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity is associated with worse outcomes in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. We hypothesise that this potentially occurs through cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, resulting in adverse remodelling. Immune modulators to target this pathway may potentially improve outcomes above and beyond current guideline-recommended therapy. MDPI 2023-09-28 /pmc/articles/PMC10571889/ /pubmed/37830591 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12192377 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Jeyalan, Visvesh Austin, David Loh, Shu Xian Wangsaputra, Vincent Kharisma Spyridopoulos, Ioakim Fractalkine/CX(3)CR1 in Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Potential Future Target for Immunomodulatory Therapy? |
title | Fractalkine/CX(3)CR1 in Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Potential Future Target for Immunomodulatory Therapy? |
title_full | Fractalkine/CX(3)CR1 in Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Potential Future Target for Immunomodulatory Therapy? |
title_fullStr | Fractalkine/CX(3)CR1 in Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Potential Future Target for Immunomodulatory Therapy? |
title_full_unstemmed | Fractalkine/CX(3)CR1 in Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Potential Future Target for Immunomodulatory Therapy? |
title_short | Fractalkine/CX(3)CR1 in Dilated Cardiomyopathy: A Potential Future Target for Immunomodulatory Therapy? |
title_sort | fractalkine/cx(3)cr1 in dilated cardiomyopathy: a potential future target for immunomodulatory therapy? |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10571889/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37830591 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells12192377 |
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