MicroRNA-34 Family in Cancers: Role, Mechanism, and Therapeutic Potential

SIMPLE SUMMARY: The dysregulation of the miR-34 family has been shown to play an important role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. In this review, we summarized the current knowledge on the functions of the miR-34 family in human cancers, its emerging role as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, and its potential as a novel therapeutic in cancer. ABSTRACT: MicroRNA (miRNA) are small noncoding RNAs that play vital roles in post-transcriptional gene regulation by inhibiting mRNA translation or promoting mRNA degradation. The dysregulation of miRNA has been implicated in numerous human diseases, including cancers. miR-34 family members (miR-34s), including miR-34a, miR-34b, and miR-34c, have emerged as the most extensively studied tumor-suppressive miRNAs. In this comprehensive review, we aim to provide an overview of the major signaling pathways and gene networks regulated by miR-34s in various cancers and highlight the critical tumor suppressor role of miR-34s. Furthermore, we will discuss the potential of using miR-34 mimics as a novel therapeutic approach against cancer, while also addressing the challenges associated with their development and delivery. It is anticipated that gaining a deeper understanding of the functions and mechanisms of miR-34s in cancer will greatly contribute to the development of effective miR-34-based cancer therapeutics.