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Understanding the Relationship between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Thyroid Disease

The prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is high (22.4%). Thyroid hormones (THs) regulate many metabolic activities in the liver by promoting the export and oxidation of lipids, as well as de novo lipogenesis. They also control hepatic insulin sensit...

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Autores principales: Vidal-Cevallos, Paulina, Murúa-Beltrán Gall, Sofía, Uribe, Misael, Chávez-Tapia, Norberto C.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10572395/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37834051
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914605
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author Vidal-Cevallos, Paulina
Murúa-Beltrán Gall, Sofía
Uribe, Misael
Chávez-Tapia, Norberto C.
author_facet Vidal-Cevallos, Paulina
Murúa-Beltrán Gall, Sofía
Uribe, Misael
Chávez-Tapia, Norberto C.
author_sort Vidal-Cevallos, Paulina
collection PubMed
description The prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is high (22.4%). Thyroid hormones (THs) regulate many metabolic activities in the liver by promoting the export and oxidation of lipids, as well as de novo lipogenesis. They also control hepatic insulin sensitivity and suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis. Because of its importance in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, the involvement of thyroid dysfunction in the pathogenesis of NAFLD seems plausible. The mechanisms implicated in this relationship include high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, low TH levels, and chronic inflammation. The activity of the TH receptor (THR)-β in response to THs is essential in the pathogenesis of hypothyroidism-induced NAFLD. Therefore, an orally active selective liver THR-β agonist, Resmetirom (MGL-3196), was developed, and has been shown to reduce liver fat content, and as a secondary end point, to improve nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The treatment of NAFLD with THR-β agonists seems quite promising, and other agonists are currently under development and investigation. This review aims to shine a light on the pathophysiological and epidemiological evidence regarding this relationship and the effect that treatment with THs and selective liver THR-β agonists have on hepatic lipid metabolism.
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spelling pubmed-105723952023-10-14 Understanding the Relationship between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Thyroid Disease Vidal-Cevallos, Paulina Murúa-Beltrán Gall, Sofía Uribe, Misael Chávez-Tapia, Norberto C. Int J Mol Sci Review The prevalence of hypothyroidism in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is high (22.4%). Thyroid hormones (THs) regulate many metabolic activities in the liver by promoting the export and oxidation of lipids, as well as de novo lipogenesis. They also control hepatic insulin sensitivity and suppress hepatic gluconeogenesis. Because of its importance in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, the involvement of thyroid dysfunction in the pathogenesis of NAFLD seems plausible. The mechanisms implicated in this relationship include high thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels, low TH levels, and chronic inflammation. The activity of the TH receptor (THR)-β in response to THs is essential in the pathogenesis of hypothyroidism-induced NAFLD. Therefore, an orally active selective liver THR-β agonist, Resmetirom (MGL-3196), was developed, and has been shown to reduce liver fat content, and as a secondary end point, to improve nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The treatment of NAFLD with THR-β agonists seems quite promising, and other agonists are currently under development and investigation. This review aims to shine a light on the pathophysiological and epidemiological evidence regarding this relationship and the effect that treatment with THs and selective liver THR-β agonists have on hepatic lipid metabolism. MDPI 2023-09-27 /pmc/articles/PMC10572395/ /pubmed/37834051 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914605 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Vidal-Cevallos, Paulina
Murúa-Beltrán Gall, Sofía
Uribe, Misael
Chávez-Tapia, Norberto C.
Understanding the Relationship between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Thyroid Disease
title Understanding the Relationship between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Thyroid Disease
title_full Understanding the Relationship between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Thyroid Disease
title_fullStr Understanding the Relationship between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Thyroid Disease
title_full_unstemmed Understanding the Relationship between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Thyroid Disease
title_short Understanding the Relationship between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Thyroid Disease
title_sort understanding the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and thyroid disease
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10572395/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37834051
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914605
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