Rhizosphere Microbe Affects Soil Available Nitrogen and Its Implication for the Ecological Adaptability and Rapid Growth of Dendrocalamus sinicus, the Strongest Bamboo in the World

The interaction between soil microbes and plants has a significant effect on soil microbial structure and function, as well as plant adaptability. However, the effect of soil micro-organisms on ecological adaption and rapid growth of woody bamboos remains unclear. Here, 16S rRNA and ITS rRNA genes of rhizosphere micro-organisms were sequenced, and the soil properties of three different types of Dendrocalamus sinicus were determined at the dormancy and germination stages of rhizome buds. The result showed that each type of D. sinicus preferred to absorb ammonia nitrogen (NH(4)(+)-N) rather than nitrate nitrogen (NO(3)(−)-N) and required more NH(4)(+)-N at germination or rapid growth period than during the dormancy period. In total, nitrogen fixation capacity of soil bacteria in the straight type was significantly higher than that in the introduced straight type, while the ureolysis capacity had an opposite trend. Saprophytic fungi were the dominant fungal functional taxa in habitat soils of both straight and introduced straight type. Our findings are of great significance in understanding how soil microbes affect growth and adaptation of woody bamboos, but also for soil management of bamboo forests in red soil.