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Bacteria, Fungi, and Enzymes in Soil Treated with Sulcotrione and Terbuthylazine

Soil’s biological equilibrium, disturbed by the uncontrolled penetration of pesticides, can be restored by the activity of native microorganisms, which show abilities in neutralizing these xenobiotics. Therefore, this research is necessary in the search for new microorganisms used in the process of...

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Autores principales: Baćmaga, Małgorzata, Wyszkowska, Jadwiga, Borowik, Agata, Kucharski, Jan
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10572980/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37833917
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914469
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author Baćmaga, Małgorzata
Wyszkowska, Jadwiga
Borowik, Agata
Kucharski, Jan
author_facet Baćmaga, Małgorzata
Wyszkowska, Jadwiga
Borowik, Agata
Kucharski, Jan
author_sort Baćmaga, Małgorzata
collection PubMed
description Soil’s biological equilibrium, disturbed by the uncontrolled penetration of pesticides, can be restored by the activity of native microorganisms, which show abilities in neutralizing these xenobiotics. Therefore, this research is necessary in the search for new microorganisms used in the process of the bioremediation of contaminated soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the herbicides, Sulcogan 300 SC, Tezosar 500 SC, and Sulcotrek 500 SC, applied to soil at the manufacturers’ recommended dosage as well as 10-fold higher, on the abundance of microorganisms, the diversity and structure of bacterial and fungal communities, the activity of soil enzymes, and the growth and development of Zea mays L. It was found that herbicides in contaminating amounts stimulated the proliferation of organotrophic bacteria and inhibited the growth of fungi. Organotrophic bacteria and actinobacteria were represented by K-strategies and fungi by r-strategies. Bacteria belonging to the phylum, Actinobacteriota, represented by the genus, Cellulosimicrobium, were most abundant in the soil, while among the fungi, it was the phylum, Ascomycota, represented by the genus, Humicola and Chaetomium. The herbicides decreased urease activity while increasing arylsulfatase and acid phosphatase activity. They had a positive effect on the growth and development of Zea mays L., as evidenced by an increase in the values of the plant tolerance index (TI) and the maize leaf greenness index (SPAD). The results indicate that soil microorganisms and enzymes are suitable indicators reflecting the quality of herbicide-treated soil.
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spelling pubmed-105729802023-10-14 Bacteria, Fungi, and Enzymes in Soil Treated with Sulcotrione and Terbuthylazine Baćmaga, Małgorzata Wyszkowska, Jadwiga Borowik, Agata Kucharski, Jan Int J Mol Sci Article Soil’s biological equilibrium, disturbed by the uncontrolled penetration of pesticides, can be restored by the activity of native microorganisms, which show abilities in neutralizing these xenobiotics. Therefore, this research is necessary in the search for new microorganisms used in the process of the bioremediation of contaminated soils. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the herbicides, Sulcogan 300 SC, Tezosar 500 SC, and Sulcotrek 500 SC, applied to soil at the manufacturers’ recommended dosage as well as 10-fold higher, on the abundance of microorganisms, the diversity and structure of bacterial and fungal communities, the activity of soil enzymes, and the growth and development of Zea mays L. It was found that herbicides in contaminating amounts stimulated the proliferation of organotrophic bacteria and inhibited the growth of fungi. Organotrophic bacteria and actinobacteria were represented by K-strategies and fungi by r-strategies. Bacteria belonging to the phylum, Actinobacteriota, represented by the genus, Cellulosimicrobium, were most abundant in the soil, while among the fungi, it was the phylum, Ascomycota, represented by the genus, Humicola and Chaetomium. The herbicides decreased urease activity while increasing arylsulfatase and acid phosphatase activity. They had a positive effect on the growth and development of Zea mays L., as evidenced by an increase in the values of the plant tolerance index (TI) and the maize leaf greenness index (SPAD). The results indicate that soil microorganisms and enzymes are suitable indicators reflecting the quality of herbicide-treated soil. MDPI 2023-09-23 /pmc/articles/PMC10572980/ /pubmed/37833917 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914469 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Baćmaga, Małgorzata
Wyszkowska, Jadwiga
Borowik, Agata
Kucharski, Jan
Bacteria, Fungi, and Enzymes in Soil Treated with Sulcotrione and Terbuthylazine
title Bacteria, Fungi, and Enzymes in Soil Treated with Sulcotrione and Terbuthylazine
title_full Bacteria, Fungi, and Enzymes in Soil Treated with Sulcotrione and Terbuthylazine
title_fullStr Bacteria, Fungi, and Enzymes in Soil Treated with Sulcotrione and Terbuthylazine
title_full_unstemmed Bacteria, Fungi, and Enzymes in Soil Treated with Sulcotrione and Terbuthylazine
title_short Bacteria, Fungi, and Enzymes in Soil Treated with Sulcotrione and Terbuthylazine
title_sort bacteria, fungi, and enzymes in soil treated with sulcotrione and terbuthylazine
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10572980/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37833917
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914469
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