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Phytochemical Analysis of Pinus cembra Heartwood—UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) with Focus on Flavonoids, Stilbenes, Bibenzyls and Improved HPLC Separation

The heartwood of the Swiss Stone Pine, Pinus cembra L., has been scarcely investigated for secondary metabolites for a long period of time. Considering age and relative simplicity of heartwood investigations dating back to the 1940s to 1960s, we conducted the first investigation of P. cembra heartwo...

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Autores principales: Alperth, Fabian, Schneebauer, Anna, Kunert, Olaf, Bucar, Franz
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10574252/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37836128
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12193388
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author Alperth, Fabian
Schneebauer, Anna
Kunert, Olaf
Bucar, Franz
author_facet Alperth, Fabian
Schneebauer, Anna
Kunert, Olaf
Bucar, Franz
author_sort Alperth, Fabian
collection PubMed
description The heartwood of the Swiss Stone Pine, Pinus cembra L., has been scarcely investigated for secondary metabolites for a long period of time. Considering age and relative simplicity of heartwood investigations dating back to the 1940s to 1960s, we conducted the first investigation of P. cembra heartwood by HPLC, using UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) and HPLC-DAD techniques in combination with isolation and NMR spectroscopy, with focus on stilbenes, bibenzyls and flavonoids. Analytical problems in the HPLC analysis of Pinus stilbenes and flavonoids on reversed stationary phases were also challenged, by comparing HPLC on pentafluorophenyl (PFP) and C18 stationary phases. Seven flavonoids (1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 11, 12), four stilbenes (4, 6, 10, 13), two bibenzyls (5, 9), three fatty acids (14, 16, 17) and one diterpenic acid (15) were detected in an ethanolic extract of Pinus cembra heartwood. HPLC comparison of reversed stationary phases in HPLC showed that the antifungal, antibacterial and chemosensitizing dihydropinosylvin monomethyl ether (9) and pinosylvin monomethyl ether (10) can be separated on PFP, but not on C18 material, when eluting with a screening gradient of 20–100% acetonitrile. Flavonoid separation showed additional benefits of combining analyses on different stationary phases, as flavonoids 7 and 8 could only be separated on one of two C18 stationary phases. Earlier phytochemical results for heartwood investigations were shown to be mostly correct, yet expandable. Substances 5 to 12 were found in alignment with these references, proving remarkable phytochemical analyses at the time. Evidence for the described presence of pinobanksin could not be found. Substances 1 to 4 and 13 have to our knowledge not yet been described for P. cembra.
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spelling pubmed-105742522023-10-14 Phytochemical Analysis of Pinus cembra Heartwood—UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) with Focus on Flavonoids, Stilbenes, Bibenzyls and Improved HPLC Separation Alperth, Fabian Schneebauer, Anna Kunert, Olaf Bucar, Franz Plants (Basel) Article The heartwood of the Swiss Stone Pine, Pinus cembra L., has been scarcely investigated for secondary metabolites for a long period of time. Considering age and relative simplicity of heartwood investigations dating back to the 1940s to 1960s, we conducted the first investigation of P. cembra heartwood by HPLC, using UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) and HPLC-DAD techniques in combination with isolation and NMR spectroscopy, with focus on stilbenes, bibenzyls and flavonoids. Analytical problems in the HPLC analysis of Pinus stilbenes and flavonoids on reversed stationary phases were also challenged, by comparing HPLC on pentafluorophenyl (PFP) and C18 stationary phases. Seven flavonoids (1, 2, 3, 7, 8, 11, 12), four stilbenes (4, 6, 10, 13), two bibenzyls (5, 9), three fatty acids (14, 16, 17) and one diterpenic acid (15) were detected in an ethanolic extract of Pinus cembra heartwood. HPLC comparison of reversed stationary phases in HPLC showed that the antifungal, antibacterial and chemosensitizing dihydropinosylvin monomethyl ether (9) and pinosylvin monomethyl ether (10) can be separated on PFP, but not on C18 material, when eluting with a screening gradient of 20–100% acetonitrile. Flavonoid separation showed additional benefits of combining analyses on different stationary phases, as flavonoids 7 and 8 could only be separated on one of two C18 stationary phases. Earlier phytochemical results for heartwood investigations were shown to be mostly correct, yet expandable. Substances 5 to 12 were found in alignment with these references, proving remarkable phytochemical analyses at the time. Evidence for the described presence of pinobanksin could not be found. Substances 1 to 4 and 13 have to our knowledge not yet been described for P. cembra. MDPI 2023-09-25 /pmc/articles/PMC10574252/ /pubmed/37836128 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12193388 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Alperth, Fabian
Schneebauer, Anna
Kunert, Olaf
Bucar, Franz
Phytochemical Analysis of Pinus cembra Heartwood—UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) with Focus on Flavonoids, Stilbenes, Bibenzyls and Improved HPLC Separation
title Phytochemical Analysis of Pinus cembra Heartwood—UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) with Focus on Flavonoids, Stilbenes, Bibenzyls and Improved HPLC Separation
title_full Phytochemical Analysis of Pinus cembra Heartwood—UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) with Focus on Flavonoids, Stilbenes, Bibenzyls and Improved HPLC Separation
title_fullStr Phytochemical Analysis of Pinus cembra Heartwood—UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) with Focus on Flavonoids, Stilbenes, Bibenzyls and Improved HPLC Separation
title_full_unstemmed Phytochemical Analysis of Pinus cembra Heartwood—UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) with Focus on Flavonoids, Stilbenes, Bibenzyls and Improved HPLC Separation
title_short Phytochemical Analysis of Pinus cembra Heartwood—UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS(n) with Focus on Flavonoids, Stilbenes, Bibenzyls and Improved HPLC Separation
title_sort phytochemical analysis of pinus cembra heartwood—uhplc-dad-esi-ms(n) with focus on flavonoids, stilbenes, bibenzyls and improved hplc separation
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10574252/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37836128
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12193388
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