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Toxic Effects of Copper Fungicides on the Development and Behavior of Zebrafish in Early-Life Stages

Copper-based fungicides have been used to control various plant diseases for more than one hundred years and play very important roles in agriculture. Accumulation of copper in freshwater and environment pose severe threats to human health and the environment. The current study evaluated the develop...

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Autores principales: Gao, Fei, Yuan, Zitong, Zhang, Lingling, Peng, Yiyuan, Qian, Kun, Zheng, Mingqi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10574507/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37836270
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13192629
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author Gao, Fei
Yuan, Zitong
Zhang, Lingling
Peng, Yiyuan
Qian, Kun
Zheng, Mingqi
author_facet Gao, Fei
Yuan, Zitong
Zhang, Lingling
Peng, Yiyuan
Qian, Kun
Zheng, Mingqi
author_sort Gao, Fei
collection PubMed
description Copper-based fungicides have been used to control various plant diseases for more than one hundred years and play very important roles in agriculture. Accumulation of copper in freshwater and environment pose severe threats to human health and the environment. The current study evaluated the developmental and behavioral toxicity of PEG@Cu NCs (copper nanoclusters), Kocide(®) 3000 (copper hydroxide), and Cu(CH(3)COO)(2) (copper acetate) to zebrafish in early-life stages. The developmental toxicity was evaluated according to the parameters of mortality, hatching rate, autonomous movement and heartbeat of embryos, and body length of larvae. The 9 dpf (days postfertilization)-LC(50) (50% lethal concentration) of embryonic mortality was 0.077, 0.174 or 0.088 mg/L, and the 9 dpf-EC(50) (effective concentration of 50% embryos hatching) of hatching rate was 0.079 mg/L, 0.21 mg/L and 0.092 mg/L when the embryos were exposed to PEG@Cu NCs, Kocide(®) 3000 or Cu(CH(3)COO)(2), respectively. Kocide(®) 3000 and Cu(CH(3)COO)(2) obviously decreased the spontaneous movements, while PEG@Cu NCs had no adverse effects on that of embryos. The reduced heartbeat can return to normal after exposure to PEG@Cu NCs for 96 h, while it cannot recover from Kocide(®) 3000. In addition, Kocide(®) 3000 (≥0.2 mg/L), PEG@Cu NCs and Cu(CH(3)COO)(2) with 0.05 mg/L or higher concentration exhibited obvious behavioral toxicity to zebrafish larvae according to the parameters of movement distance, average velocity, absolute sinuosity, absolute turn angle and absolute angular velocity.
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spelling pubmed-105745072023-10-14 Toxic Effects of Copper Fungicides on the Development and Behavior of Zebrafish in Early-Life Stages Gao, Fei Yuan, Zitong Zhang, Lingling Peng, Yiyuan Qian, Kun Zheng, Mingqi Nanomaterials (Basel) Article Copper-based fungicides have been used to control various plant diseases for more than one hundred years and play very important roles in agriculture. Accumulation of copper in freshwater and environment pose severe threats to human health and the environment. The current study evaluated the developmental and behavioral toxicity of PEG@Cu NCs (copper nanoclusters), Kocide(®) 3000 (copper hydroxide), and Cu(CH(3)COO)(2) (copper acetate) to zebrafish in early-life stages. The developmental toxicity was evaluated according to the parameters of mortality, hatching rate, autonomous movement and heartbeat of embryos, and body length of larvae. The 9 dpf (days postfertilization)-LC(50) (50% lethal concentration) of embryonic mortality was 0.077, 0.174 or 0.088 mg/L, and the 9 dpf-EC(50) (effective concentration of 50% embryos hatching) of hatching rate was 0.079 mg/L, 0.21 mg/L and 0.092 mg/L when the embryos were exposed to PEG@Cu NCs, Kocide(®) 3000 or Cu(CH(3)COO)(2), respectively. Kocide(®) 3000 and Cu(CH(3)COO)(2) obviously decreased the spontaneous movements, while PEG@Cu NCs had no adverse effects on that of embryos. The reduced heartbeat can return to normal after exposure to PEG@Cu NCs for 96 h, while it cannot recover from Kocide(®) 3000. In addition, Kocide(®) 3000 (≥0.2 mg/L), PEG@Cu NCs and Cu(CH(3)COO)(2) with 0.05 mg/L or higher concentration exhibited obvious behavioral toxicity to zebrafish larvae according to the parameters of movement distance, average velocity, absolute sinuosity, absolute turn angle and absolute angular velocity. MDPI 2023-09-23 /pmc/articles/PMC10574507/ /pubmed/37836270 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13192629 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Gao, Fei
Yuan, Zitong
Zhang, Lingling
Peng, Yiyuan
Qian, Kun
Zheng, Mingqi
Toxic Effects of Copper Fungicides on the Development and Behavior of Zebrafish in Early-Life Stages
title Toxic Effects of Copper Fungicides on the Development and Behavior of Zebrafish in Early-Life Stages
title_full Toxic Effects of Copper Fungicides on the Development and Behavior of Zebrafish in Early-Life Stages
title_fullStr Toxic Effects of Copper Fungicides on the Development and Behavior of Zebrafish in Early-Life Stages
title_full_unstemmed Toxic Effects of Copper Fungicides on the Development and Behavior of Zebrafish in Early-Life Stages
title_short Toxic Effects of Copper Fungicides on the Development and Behavior of Zebrafish in Early-Life Stages
title_sort toxic effects of copper fungicides on the development and behavior of zebrafish in early-life stages
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10574507/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37836270
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano13192629
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