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Low-Power Long-Term Ambulatory Electrocardiography Monitor of Three Leads with Beat-to-Beat Heart Rate Measurement in Real Time
A low-power long-term ambulatory ECG monitor was developed for the acquisition, storage and processing of three simultaneous leads DI, aVF and V2 with a beat-to-beat heart rate measurement in real time. It provides long-term continuous ECG recordings until 84 h. The monitor uses a QRS complex detect...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10574881/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37837133 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23198303 |
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author | Martínez-Suárez, Frank García-Limón, José Alberto Baños-Bautista, Jorge Enrique Alvarado-Serrano, Carlos Casas, Oscar |
author_facet | Martínez-Suárez, Frank García-Limón, José Alberto Baños-Bautista, Jorge Enrique Alvarado-Serrano, Carlos Casas, Oscar |
author_sort | Martínez-Suárez, Frank |
collection | PubMed |
description | A low-power long-term ambulatory ECG monitor was developed for the acquisition, storage and processing of three simultaneous leads DI, aVF and V2 with a beat-to-beat heart rate measurement in real time. It provides long-term continuous ECG recordings until 84 h. The monitor uses a QRS complex detection algorithm based on the continuous wavelet transform with splines, which automatically selects the scale for the analysis of ECG records with different sampling frequencies. It includes a lead-off detection to continuously monitor the electrode connections and a real-time system of visual and acoustic alarms to alert users of abnormal conditions in its operation. The monitor presented is based in an ADS1294 analogue front end with four channels, 24-bit analog-to-digital converters and programmable gain amplifiers, a low-power dual-core ESP32 microcontroller, a microSD memory for data storage in a range of 4 GB to 32 GB and a 1.4 in thin-film transistor liquid crystal display (LCD) variant with a resolution of 128 × 128 pixels. It has programmable sampling rates of 250, 500 and 1000 Hz; a bandwidth of 0 Hz to 50% of the selected sampling rate; a CMRR of −105 dB; an input margin of ±2.4 V; a resolution of 286 nV; and a current consumption of 50 mA for an average battery life of 84 h. The ambulatory ECG monitor was evaluated with the commercial data-acquisition system BIOPAC MP36 and its module for ECG LABEL SS2LB, simultaneously comparing the morphologies of two ECG records and obtaining a correlation of 91.78%. For the QRS detection in real time, the implemented algorithm had an error less than 5%. The developed ambulatory ECG monitor can be used for the analysis of the dynamics of the heart rate variability in long-term ECG records and for the development of one’s own databases of ECG recordings of normal subjects and patients with cardiovascular and noncardiovascular diseases. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10574881 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105748812023-10-14 Low-Power Long-Term Ambulatory Electrocardiography Monitor of Three Leads with Beat-to-Beat Heart Rate Measurement in Real Time Martínez-Suárez, Frank García-Limón, José Alberto Baños-Bautista, Jorge Enrique Alvarado-Serrano, Carlos Casas, Oscar Sensors (Basel) Article A low-power long-term ambulatory ECG monitor was developed for the acquisition, storage and processing of three simultaneous leads DI, aVF and V2 with a beat-to-beat heart rate measurement in real time. It provides long-term continuous ECG recordings until 84 h. The monitor uses a QRS complex detection algorithm based on the continuous wavelet transform with splines, which automatically selects the scale for the analysis of ECG records with different sampling frequencies. It includes a lead-off detection to continuously monitor the electrode connections and a real-time system of visual and acoustic alarms to alert users of abnormal conditions in its operation. The monitor presented is based in an ADS1294 analogue front end with four channels, 24-bit analog-to-digital converters and programmable gain amplifiers, a low-power dual-core ESP32 microcontroller, a microSD memory for data storage in a range of 4 GB to 32 GB and a 1.4 in thin-film transistor liquid crystal display (LCD) variant with a resolution of 128 × 128 pixels. It has programmable sampling rates of 250, 500 and 1000 Hz; a bandwidth of 0 Hz to 50% of the selected sampling rate; a CMRR of −105 dB; an input margin of ±2.4 V; a resolution of 286 nV; and a current consumption of 50 mA for an average battery life of 84 h. The ambulatory ECG monitor was evaluated with the commercial data-acquisition system BIOPAC MP36 and its module for ECG LABEL SS2LB, simultaneously comparing the morphologies of two ECG records and obtaining a correlation of 91.78%. For the QRS detection in real time, the implemented algorithm had an error less than 5%. The developed ambulatory ECG monitor can be used for the analysis of the dynamics of the heart rate variability in long-term ECG records and for the development of one’s own databases of ECG recordings of normal subjects and patients with cardiovascular and noncardiovascular diseases. MDPI 2023-10-08 /pmc/articles/PMC10574881/ /pubmed/37837133 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23198303 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Martínez-Suárez, Frank García-Limón, José Alberto Baños-Bautista, Jorge Enrique Alvarado-Serrano, Carlos Casas, Oscar Low-Power Long-Term Ambulatory Electrocardiography Monitor of Three Leads with Beat-to-Beat Heart Rate Measurement in Real Time |
title | Low-Power Long-Term Ambulatory Electrocardiography Monitor of Three Leads with Beat-to-Beat Heart Rate Measurement in Real Time |
title_full | Low-Power Long-Term Ambulatory Electrocardiography Monitor of Three Leads with Beat-to-Beat Heart Rate Measurement in Real Time |
title_fullStr | Low-Power Long-Term Ambulatory Electrocardiography Monitor of Three Leads with Beat-to-Beat Heart Rate Measurement in Real Time |
title_full_unstemmed | Low-Power Long-Term Ambulatory Electrocardiography Monitor of Three Leads with Beat-to-Beat Heart Rate Measurement in Real Time |
title_short | Low-Power Long-Term Ambulatory Electrocardiography Monitor of Three Leads with Beat-to-Beat Heart Rate Measurement in Real Time |
title_sort | low-power long-term ambulatory electrocardiography monitor of three leads with beat-to-beat heart rate measurement in real time |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10574881/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37837133 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23198303 |
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