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Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Inkjet-Printed Organic Piezoresistive Tactile Sensor on Flexible Substrate
In this paper, we propose a novel tactile sensor with a “fingerprint” design, named due to its spiral shape and dimensions of 3.80 mm × 3.80 mm. The sensor is duplicated in a four-by-four array containing 16 tactile sensors to form a “SkinCell” pad of approximately 45 mm by 29 mm. The SkinCell was f...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10575043/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37837110 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23198280 |
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author | Olowo, Olalekan O. Harris, Bryan Sills, Daniel Zhang, Ruoshi Sherehiy, Andriy Tofangchi, Alireza Wei, Danming Popa, Dan O. |
author_facet | Olowo, Olalekan O. Harris, Bryan Sills, Daniel Zhang, Ruoshi Sherehiy, Andriy Tofangchi, Alireza Wei, Danming Popa, Dan O. |
author_sort | Olowo, Olalekan O. |
collection | PubMed |
description | In this paper, we propose a novel tactile sensor with a “fingerprint” design, named due to its spiral shape and dimensions of 3.80 mm × 3.80 mm. The sensor is duplicated in a four-by-four array containing 16 tactile sensors to form a “SkinCell” pad of approximately 45 mm by 29 mm. The SkinCell was fabricated using a custom-built microfabrication platform called the NeXus which contains additive deposition tools and several robotic systems. We used the NeXus’ six-degrees-of-freedom robotic platform with two different inkjet printers to deposit a conductive silver ink sensor electrode as well as the organic piezoresistive polymer PEDOT:PSS-Poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) of our tactile sensor. Printing deposition profiles of 100-micron- and 250-micron-thick layers were measured using microscopy. The resulting structure was sintered in an oven and laminated. The lamination consisted of two different sensor sheets placed back-to-back to create a half-Wheatstone-bridge configuration, doubling the sensitivity and accomplishing temperature compensation. The resulting sensor array was then sandwiched between two layers of silicone elastomer that had protrusions and inner cavities to concentrate stresses and strains and increase the detection resolution. Furthermore, the tactile sensor was characterized under static and dynamic force loading. Over 180,000 cycles of indentation were conducted to establish its durability and repeatability. The results demonstrate that the SkinCell has an average spatial resolution of 0.827 mm, an average sensitivity of 0.328 [Formula: see text] , expressed as the change in resistance per force in Newtons, an average sensitivity of 1.795 µV/N at a loading pressure of 2.365 PSI, and a dynamic response time constant of 63 ms which make it suitable for both large area skins and fingertip human–robot interaction applications. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10575043 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105750432023-10-14 Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Inkjet-Printed Organic Piezoresistive Tactile Sensor on Flexible Substrate Olowo, Olalekan O. Harris, Bryan Sills, Daniel Zhang, Ruoshi Sherehiy, Andriy Tofangchi, Alireza Wei, Danming Popa, Dan O. Sensors (Basel) Article In this paper, we propose a novel tactile sensor with a “fingerprint” design, named due to its spiral shape and dimensions of 3.80 mm × 3.80 mm. The sensor is duplicated in a four-by-four array containing 16 tactile sensors to form a “SkinCell” pad of approximately 45 mm by 29 mm. The SkinCell was fabricated using a custom-built microfabrication platform called the NeXus which contains additive deposition tools and several robotic systems. We used the NeXus’ six-degrees-of-freedom robotic platform with two different inkjet printers to deposit a conductive silver ink sensor electrode as well as the organic piezoresistive polymer PEDOT:PSS-Poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate) of our tactile sensor. Printing deposition profiles of 100-micron- and 250-micron-thick layers were measured using microscopy. The resulting structure was sintered in an oven and laminated. The lamination consisted of two different sensor sheets placed back-to-back to create a half-Wheatstone-bridge configuration, doubling the sensitivity and accomplishing temperature compensation. The resulting sensor array was then sandwiched between two layers of silicone elastomer that had protrusions and inner cavities to concentrate stresses and strains and increase the detection resolution. Furthermore, the tactile sensor was characterized under static and dynamic force loading. Over 180,000 cycles of indentation were conducted to establish its durability and repeatability. The results demonstrate that the SkinCell has an average spatial resolution of 0.827 mm, an average sensitivity of 0.328 [Formula: see text] , expressed as the change in resistance per force in Newtons, an average sensitivity of 1.795 µV/N at a loading pressure of 2.365 PSI, and a dynamic response time constant of 63 ms which make it suitable for both large area skins and fingertip human–robot interaction applications. MDPI 2023-10-06 /pmc/articles/PMC10575043/ /pubmed/37837110 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23198280 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Olowo, Olalekan O. Harris, Bryan Sills, Daniel Zhang, Ruoshi Sherehiy, Andriy Tofangchi, Alireza Wei, Danming Popa, Dan O. Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Inkjet-Printed Organic Piezoresistive Tactile Sensor on Flexible Substrate |
title | Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Inkjet-Printed Organic Piezoresistive Tactile Sensor on Flexible Substrate |
title_full | Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Inkjet-Printed Organic Piezoresistive Tactile Sensor on Flexible Substrate |
title_fullStr | Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Inkjet-Printed Organic Piezoresistive Tactile Sensor on Flexible Substrate |
title_full_unstemmed | Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Inkjet-Printed Organic Piezoresistive Tactile Sensor on Flexible Substrate |
title_short | Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Inkjet-Printed Organic Piezoresistive Tactile Sensor on Flexible Substrate |
title_sort | design, fabrication, and characterization of inkjet-printed organic piezoresistive tactile sensor on flexible substrate |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10575043/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37837110 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23198280 |
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