Three-Dimensional (3D) Analysis of Orbital Morphometry in Healthy Anatolian Adults: Sex, Side Discrepancies, and Clinical Relevance

Background and objective The complex structural integrity of the orbit is crucial for visual functions. Three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions from radiological images have revolutionized anatomical understanding, eliminating the limitations of two-dimensional (2D) imaging and offering intricate spatial details for complex structures. The aim of this study was to analyze the detailed morphometry of the orbit in healthy Anatolian adults, considering sex, side discrepancies, and clinical relevance using 3D models reconstructed from multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) images. Materials and methods Fifty-six (44.44%) males and 70 (55.56%) females (total: 126, mean age: 48.62) MDCT images were randomly selected and 3D skull models were reconstructed using 3D Slicer software. Measurements were conducted in millimeters (mm) for transverse and vertical diameters, circumference of the orbital opening, orbital wall lengths, as well as intraorbital and extraorbital distances. Results The method of measurements showed high reproducibility of results. The mean values for transverse and vertical diameters, circumference of the orbital opening, medial and lateral wall lengths, roof and floor lengths, and intraorbital and extraorbital distances were 40.23±2.12 mm (p<0.001), 34.94±2.16 mm (p=0.365), 44.74 ±3.02 mm (p<0.001), 46.30±2.69 mm (p<0.001), 51.26±2.91 mm (p<0.001), 49.01±3.22 mm (p<0.001), 126.10±5.71 mm (p<0.001), 19.63±2.35 mm (p=0.026), and 94.09±4.84 mm (p<0.001), respectively. Conclusion The study's high measurement reproducibility contributes significantly to the existing literature and clinical practice. These findings offer specific insights into Anatolian orbital morphometry, aiding in surgical planning, implant placement, and diagnostic assessments. The precise measurement values serve as a reliable reference for clinicians, facilitating the identification of normal and abnormal orbital anatomy and enhancing patient care. We believe this study provides valuable data for craniofacial and ophthalmological research, benefiting both clinical practice and future research endeavors in these fields.