Temporal trend of tracheostomy in patients hospitalized in the Brazilian National Unified Health System from 2011 to 2020

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the temporal trend in the tracheostomy use in patients hospitalized by the Sistema Único de Saúde in Brazil from 2011 to 2020. METHODS: ecological observational study with a quantitative approach and including the Brazilian population aged 20 or over that were admitted by Sistema único de Saúde and had a record of performing the tracheostomy procedure at any time during hospitalization. RESULTS: 113.569.570 Hospitalizations studied were identified 172.456 tracheostomies realized in Brazil (0,15%). The average tax of this procedure showed a downward trend during the study procedure. The highest tracheostomy rate was found in the southern region, and the most affected age group was 80 years old or more. The average rate of tracheostomy in males was 1.8 times higher than in females. The average mortality and lethality rates of admissions with tracheostomy were 3.36 and 28.57% in the period but showed a tendency to decrease in the period studied. The main causes associated with the performance of tracheostomy were respiratory, oncological, and external causes. Respiratory causes contributed to 73% of the total procedures performed in the analyzed period. CONCLUSION: the average mortality and lethality rates of hospitalizations with tracheostomy in Brazil were 3.36 and 28.57%, but showed a downward trend in the period.