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An update on our understanding of Gram-positive bacterial membrane vesicles: discovery, functions, and applications

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized particles released from cells into the extracellular environment, and are separated from eukaryotic cells, bacteria, and other organisms with cellular structures. EVs alter cell communication by delivering their contents and performing various functions de...

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Autores principales: Xu, Yiyun, Xie, Chonghong, Liu, Yong, Qin, Xiaosong, Liu, Jianhua
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10582989/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37860067
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1273813
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author Xu, Yiyun
Xie, Chonghong
Liu, Yong
Qin, Xiaosong
Liu, Jianhua
author_facet Xu, Yiyun
Xie, Chonghong
Liu, Yong
Qin, Xiaosong
Liu, Jianhua
author_sort Xu, Yiyun
collection PubMed
description Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized particles released from cells into the extracellular environment, and are separated from eukaryotic cells, bacteria, and other organisms with cellular structures. EVs alter cell communication by delivering their contents and performing various functions depending on their cargo and release into certain environments or other cells. The cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer and were previously thought to be unable to produce EVs. However, recent studies have demonstrated that Gram-positive bacterial EVs are crucial for health and disease. In this review, we have summarized the formation, composition, and characteristics of the contents, resistance to external stress, participation in immune regulation, and other functions of Gram-positive bacterial EVs, as well as their application in clinical diagnosis and treatment, to provide a new perspective to further our understanding of Gram-positive bacterial EVs.
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spelling pubmed-105829892023-10-19 An update on our understanding of Gram-positive bacterial membrane vesicles: discovery, functions, and applications Xu, Yiyun Xie, Chonghong Liu, Yong Qin, Xiaosong Liu, Jianhua Front Cell Infect Microbiol Cellular and Infection Microbiology Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized particles released from cells into the extracellular environment, and are separated from eukaryotic cells, bacteria, and other organisms with cellular structures. EVs alter cell communication by delivering their contents and performing various functions depending on their cargo and release into certain environments or other cells. The cell walls of Gram-positive bacteria have a thick peptidoglycan layer and were previously thought to be unable to produce EVs. However, recent studies have demonstrated that Gram-positive bacterial EVs are crucial for health and disease. In this review, we have summarized the formation, composition, and characteristics of the contents, resistance to external stress, participation in immune regulation, and other functions of Gram-positive bacterial EVs, as well as their application in clinical diagnosis and treatment, to provide a new perspective to further our understanding of Gram-positive bacterial EVs. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-10-04 /pmc/articles/PMC10582989/ /pubmed/37860067 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1273813 Text en Copyright © 2023 Xu, Xie, Liu, Qin and Liu https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Xu, Yiyun
Xie, Chonghong
Liu, Yong
Qin, Xiaosong
Liu, Jianhua
An update on our understanding of Gram-positive bacterial membrane vesicles: discovery, functions, and applications
title An update on our understanding of Gram-positive bacterial membrane vesicles: discovery, functions, and applications
title_full An update on our understanding of Gram-positive bacterial membrane vesicles: discovery, functions, and applications
title_fullStr An update on our understanding of Gram-positive bacterial membrane vesicles: discovery, functions, and applications
title_full_unstemmed An update on our understanding of Gram-positive bacterial membrane vesicles: discovery, functions, and applications
title_short An update on our understanding of Gram-positive bacterial membrane vesicles: discovery, functions, and applications
title_sort update on our understanding of gram-positive bacterial membrane vesicles: discovery, functions, and applications
topic Cellular and Infection Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10582989/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37860067
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2023.1273813
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