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Evolutionary Patterns of Modularity in the Linkage Systems of the Skull in Wrasses and Parrotfish

The concept of modularity is fundamental to understanding the evolvability of morphological structures and is considered a central framework for the exploration of functionally and developmentally related subsets of anatomical traits. In this study, we explored evolutionary patterns of modularity an...

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Autores principales: Gartner, S M, Larouche, O, Evans, K M, Westneat, M W
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Oxford University Press 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10583192/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37860086
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iob/obad035
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author Gartner, S M
Larouche, O
Evans, K M
Westneat, M W
author_facet Gartner, S M
Larouche, O
Evans, K M
Westneat, M W
author_sort Gartner, S M
collection PubMed
description The concept of modularity is fundamental to understanding the evolvability of morphological structures and is considered a central framework for the exploration of functionally and developmentally related subsets of anatomical traits. In this study, we explored evolutionary patterns of modularity and integration in the 4-bar linkage biomechanical system of the skull in the fish family Labridae (wrasses and parrotfish). We measured evolutionary modularity and rates of shape diversification of the skull partitions of three biomechanical 4-bar linkage systems using 205 species of wrasses (family: Labridae) and a three-dimensional geometric morphometrics data set of 200 coordinates. We found support for a two-module hypothesis on the family level that identifies the bones associated with the three linkages as being a module independent from a module formed by the remainder of the skull (neurocranium, nasals, premaxilla, and pharyngeal jaws). We tested the patterns of skull modularity for four tribes in wrasses: hypsigenyines, julidines, cheilines, and scarines. The hypsigenyine and julidine groups showed the same two-module hypothesis for Labridae, whereas cheilines supported a four-module hypothesis with the three linkages as independent modules relative to the remainder of the skull. Scarines showed increased modularization of skull elements, where each bone is its own module. Diversification rates of modules show that linkage modules have evolved at a faster net rate of shape change than the remainder of the skull, with cheilines and scarines exhibiting the highest rate of evolutionary shape change. We developed a metric of linkage planarity and found the oral jaw linkage system to exhibit high planarity, while the rest position of the hyoid linkage system exhibited increased three dimensionality. This study shows a strong link between phenotypic evolution and biomechanical systems, with modularity influencing rates of shape change in the evolution of the wrasse skull.
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spelling pubmed-105831922023-10-19 Evolutionary Patterns of Modularity in the Linkage Systems of the Skull in Wrasses and Parrotfish Gartner, S M Larouche, O Evans, K M Westneat, M W Integr Org Biol Article The concept of modularity is fundamental to understanding the evolvability of morphological structures and is considered a central framework for the exploration of functionally and developmentally related subsets of anatomical traits. In this study, we explored evolutionary patterns of modularity and integration in the 4-bar linkage biomechanical system of the skull in the fish family Labridae (wrasses and parrotfish). We measured evolutionary modularity and rates of shape diversification of the skull partitions of three biomechanical 4-bar linkage systems using 205 species of wrasses (family: Labridae) and a three-dimensional geometric morphometrics data set of 200 coordinates. We found support for a two-module hypothesis on the family level that identifies the bones associated with the three linkages as being a module independent from a module formed by the remainder of the skull (neurocranium, nasals, premaxilla, and pharyngeal jaws). We tested the patterns of skull modularity for four tribes in wrasses: hypsigenyines, julidines, cheilines, and scarines. The hypsigenyine and julidine groups showed the same two-module hypothesis for Labridae, whereas cheilines supported a four-module hypothesis with the three linkages as independent modules relative to the remainder of the skull. Scarines showed increased modularization of skull elements, where each bone is its own module. Diversification rates of modules show that linkage modules have evolved at a faster net rate of shape change than the remainder of the skull, with cheilines and scarines exhibiting the highest rate of evolutionary shape change. We developed a metric of linkage planarity and found the oral jaw linkage system to exhibit high planarity, while the rest position of the hyoid linkage system exhibited increased three dimensionality. This study shows a strong link between phenotypic evolution and biomechanical systems, with modularity influencing rates of shape change in the evolution of the wrasse skull. Oxford University Press 2023-09-26 /pmc/articles/PMC10583192/ /pubmed/37860086 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iob/obad035 Text en © The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Article
Gartner, S M
Larouche, O
Evans, K M
Westneat, M W
Evolutionary Patterns of Modularity in the Linkage Systems of the Skull in Wrasses and Parrotfish
title Evolutionary Patterns of Modularity in the Linkage Systems of the Skull in Wrasses and Parrotfish
title_full Evolutionary Patterns of Modularity in the Linkage Systems of the Skull in Wrasses and Parrotfish
title_fullStr Evolutionary Patterns of Modularity in the Linkage Systems of the Skull in Wrasses and Parrotfish
title_full_unstemmed Evolutionary Patterns of Modularity in the Linkage Systems of the Skull in Wrasses and Parrotfish
title_short Evolutionary Patterns of Modularity in the Linkage Systems of the Skull in Wrasses and Parrotfish
title_sort evolutionary patterns of modularity in the linkage systems of the skull in wrasses and parrotfish
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10583192/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37860086
http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iob/obad035
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