Utilizing a nanocomposite aerogel grafted with Fe(3)O(4)@GO for the extraction and determination of metoprolol in exhaled breath condensate

This article presents a solid-phase extraction method combined with a spectrofluorometric method for the extraction/pre-concentration and determination of metoprolol (MET) in exhaled breath condensate. The extraction sorbent is an agarose aerogel nanocomposite grafted with graphene oxide (GO) Fe(3)O(4). The size and morphology of the nanosorbent were characterized via X-ray crystallography, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry, and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis. Factors affecting the extraction/determination of MET were optimized using the one-at-a-time method. Under optimized experimental conditions, the calibration graph was linear in the range of 0.005 to 2.0 μg mL(−1) with a detection limit of 0.001 μg mL(−1). The method was successfully applied for the determination of MET in biological samples taken from patients receiving MET.