Identification and characterization of differentially expressed circular RNAs in extraocular muscle of oculomotor nerve palsy

BACKGROUND: Oculomotor nerve palsy (ONP) is a neuroparalytic disorder resulting in dysfunction of innervating extraocular muscles (EOMs), of which the pathological characteristics remain underexplored. METHODS: In this study, medial rectus muscle tissue samples from four ONP patients and four constant exotropia (CXT) patients were collected for RNA sequencing. Differentially expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) were identified and included in functional enrichment analysis, followed by interaction analysis with microRNAs and mRNAs as well as RNA binding proteins. Furthermore, RT-qPCR was used to validate the expression level of the differentially expressed circRNAs. RESULTS: A total of 84 differentially expressed circRNAs were identified from 10,504 predicted circRNAs. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that the differentially expressed circRNAs significantly correlated with skeletal muscle contraction. In addition, interaction analyses showed that up-regulated circRNA_03628 was significantly interacted with RNA binding protein AGO2 and EIF4A3 as well as microRNA hsa-miR-188-5p and hsa-miR-4529-5p. The up-regulation of circRNA_03628 was validated by RT-qPCR, followed by further elaboration of the expression, location and clinical significance of circRNA_03628 in EOMs of ONP. CONCLUSIONS: Our study may shed light on the role of differentially expressed circRNAs, especially circRNA_03628, in the pathological changes of EOMs in ONP. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-023-09733-3.