Relationship between Phenotype Models Based on Waist Circumference and Triglyceride Levels and the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a leading cause of death worldwide and has a high cost of treatment. Studies have indicated that a combination of waist circumference (WC) and triglyceride (TG) levels can be used to determine the risk of CKD. This study analyzes the risk of CKD using four phenotype models based on WC and TG. METHODS: This meta-analysis analyzes 113,019 participants from 13 studies. We conducted relevant literature searches in the Europe PMC, Medline, and Scopus databases using specific keywords. The results obtained were pooled into odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random-effects models. RESULTS: Our pooled analysis revealed that the highest significant independent association was between CKD and the high WC-high TG phenotype (adjusted OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.39 to 1.88; P<0.00001; I(2)=59%), followed by the high WC-normal TG phenotype (adjusted OR, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.57; P=0.001; I(2)=67%), and the normal WC-high TG phenotype (adjusted OR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.37; P=0.005; I(2)=29%) when the normal WC-normal TG phenotype was taken as the reference. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that phenotype models based on WC and TG can be used as screening tools to predict the risk of CKD. Our results also indicate that WC plays a larger role than TG in the CKD risk. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm the results of our study.