Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis Successfully Treated with Mechanical Thrombectomy under Intracranial Pressure Monitoring: A Case Report

A 54-year-old man with no medical history presented to our hospital with vomiting, left hemiplegia, and seizures. On arrival, he was experiencing generalized tonic-clonic seizures, which required him to be intubated and deeply sedated. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography revealed extensive venous sinus obstruction from the superior sagittal sinus to the bilateral sigmoid sinus and cerebral edema with intracranial hemorrhage. An intracranial pressure (ICP) monitor was immediately placed intracranially, and mechanical thrombectomy (MT) was performed under ICP monitoring. MT was immediately terminated when the venous sinus was partially recanalized enough to decrease the ICP; then, anticoagulation therapy was initiated. Postoperative follow-up angiography revealed that venous sinus obstruction and intracranial venous perfusion improved over time. Although he had intracranial hemorrhage-induced left hemiplegia and sensory deficits, his condition improved with rehabilitation, and the patient was eventually discharged home. The indication criteria and techniques for MT for cerebral venous sinus thrombosis are yet to be established. As in this case, in patients with impaired consciousness due to intracranial hemorrhage or epilepsy, preoperative ICP monitor placement is deemed useful to evaluate venous perfusion during MT and decide the treatment goal.