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Sleep-physiological correlates of brachycephaly in dogs
The shape of the cranium is one of the most notable physical changes induced in domestic dogs through selective breeding and is measured using the cephalic index (CI). High CI (a ratio of skull width to skull length > 60) is characterized by a short muzzle and flat face and is referred to as brac...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10587206/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37742302 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-023-02706-y |
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author | Iotchev, Ivaylo Borislavov Bognár, Zsófia Tóth, Katinka Reicher, Vivien Kis, Anna Kubinyi, Enikő |
author_facet | Iotchev, Ivaylo Borislavov Bognár, Zsófia Tóth, Katinka Reicher, Vivien Kis, Anna Kubinyi, Enikő |
author_sort | Iotchev, Ivaylo Borislavov |
collection | PubMed |
description | The shape of the cranium is one of the most notable physical changes induced in domestic dogs through selective breeding and is measured using the cephalic index (CI). High CI (a ratio of skull width to skull length > 60) is characterized by a short muzzle and flat face and is referred to as brachycephaly. Brachycephalic dogs display some potentially harmful changes in neuroanatomy, and there are implications for differences in behavior, as well. The path from anatomy to cognition, however, has not been charted in its entirety. Here, we report that sleep-physiological markers of white-matter loss (high delta power, low frontal spindle frequency, i.e., spindle waves/s), along with a spectral profile for REM (low beta, high delta) associated with low intelligence in humans, are each linked to higher CI values in the dog. Additionally, brachycephalic subjects spent more time sleeping, suggesting that the sleep apnea these breeds usually suffer from increases daytime sleepiness. Within sleep, more time was spent in the REM sleep stage than in non-REM, while REM duration was correlated positively with the number of REM episodes across dogs. It is currently not clear if the patterns of sleep and sleep-stage duration are mainly caused by sleep-impairing troubles in breathing and thermoregulation, present a juvenile-like sleeping profile, or are caused by neuro-psychological conditions secondary to the effects of brachycephaly, e.g., frequent REM episodes are known to appear in human patients with depression. While future studies should more directly address the interplay of anatomy, physiology, and behavior within a single experiment, this represents the first description of how the dynamics of the canine brain covary with CI, as measured in resting companion dogs using a non-invasive sleep EEG methodology. The observations suggest that the neuroanatomical changes accompanying brachycephaly alter neural systems in a way that can be captured in the sleep EEG, thus supporting the utility of the latter in the study of canine brain health and function. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10587206 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105872062023-10-21 Sleep-physiological correlates of brachycephaly in dogs Iotchev, Ivaylo Borislavov Bognár, Zsófia Tóth, Katinka Reicher, Vivien Kis, Anna Kubinyi, Enikő Brain Struct Funct Original Article The shape of the cranium is one of the most notable physical changes induced in domestic dogs through selective breeding and is measured using the cephalic index (CI). High CI (a ratio of skull width to skull length > 60) is characterized by a short muzzle and flat face and is referred to as brachycephaly. Brachycephalic dogs display some potentially harmful changes in neuroanatomy, and there are implications for differences in behavior, as well. The path from anatomy to cognition, however, has not been charted in its entirety. Here, we report that sleep-physiological markers of white-matter loss (high delta power, low frontal spindle frequency, i.e., spindle waves/s), along with a spectral profile for REM (low beta, high delta) associated with low intelligence in humans, are each linked to higher CI values in the dog. Additionally, brachycephalic subjects spent more time sleeping, suggesting that the sleep apnea these breeds usually suffer from increases daytime sleepiness. Within sleep, more time was spent in the REM sleep stage than in non-REM, while REM duration was correlated positively with the number of REM episodes across dogs. It is currently not clear if the patterns of sleep and sleep-stage duration are mainly caused by sleep-impairing troubles in breathing and thermoregulation, present a juvenile-like sleeping profile, or are caused by neuro-psychological conditions secondary to the effects of brachycephaly, e.g., frequent REM episodes are known to appear in human patients with depression. While future studies should more directly address the interplay of anatomy, physiology, and behavior within a single experiment, this represents the first description of how the dynamics of the canine brain covary with CI, as measured in resting companion dogs using a non-invasive sleep EEG methodology. The observations suggest that the neuroanatomical changes accompanying brachycephaly alter neural systems in a way that can be captured in the sleep EEG, thus supporting the utility of the latter in the study of canine brain health and function. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2023-09-24 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC10587206/ /pubmed/37742302 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-023-02706-y Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Original Article Iotchev, Ivaylo Borislavov Bognár, Zsófia Tóth, Katinka Reicher, Vivien Kis, Anna Kubinyi, Enikő Sleep-physiological correlates of brachycephaly in dogs |
title | Sleep-physiological correlates of brachycephaly in dogs |
title_full | Sleep-physiological correlates of brachycephaly in dogs |
title_fullStr | Sleep-physiological correlates of brachycephaly in dogs |
title_full_unstemmed | Sleep-physiological correlates of brachycephaly in dogs |
title_short | Sleep-physiological correlates of brachycephaly in dogs |
title_sort | sleep-physiological correlates of brachycephaly in dogs |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10587206/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37742302 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00429-023-02706-y |
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