Multiband antenna design with enhanced radiations using characteristic mode analysis

In this research, a multiband patch antenna design based on the superposition of multiple modes at the same resonant frequency is presented. The concept of the contribution of lower order modes (LOMs) with the higher order dominant modes (HODMs) is investigated using characteristic mode analysis (CMA). In order to provide similar broadside radiations in three bands, the radiating capability of the LOMs is enhanced in the resonant frequencies of HODMs. These HODMs when excited alone provide null in the broadside radiations of the antenna. Using a single feed, enhancement in the broadside radiations of the antenna is achieved with the superposition of multiple modes at the same resonant frequency. Based on the proposed concept two antennas have been designed and fabricated. The antenna provides stable and enhanced radiations. simulated and measured results are in good agreement. These antennas find application in many applications including communication systems, base station antennas, 5G communications, satellite communication etc.