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Spatial variability of urban forest topsoil properties: towards representative and robust sampling design

Background: Soil spatial variability is a major concern when deciding how to collect a representative topsoil sample for laboratory analysis. Sampling design to capture site-specific variability is documented in the agricultural literature, but poorly understood for urban forest soils where soils ma...

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Autores principales: Galle, Nadina, Brinton, William, Vos, Robin, Duarte, Fábio, Collier, Marcus, Ratti, Carlo, Pilla, Francesco
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: F1000 Research Limited 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10587662/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37868261
http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13502.2
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author Galle, Nadina
Brinton, William
Vos, Robin
Duarte, Fábio
Collier, Marcus
Ratti, Carlo
Pilla, Francesco
author_facet Galle, Nadina
Brinton, William
Vos, Robin
Duarte, Fábio
Collier, Marcus
Ratti, Carlo
Pilla, Francesco
author_sort Galle, Nadina
collection PubMed
description Background: Soil spatial variability is a major concern when deciding how to collect a representative topsoil sample for laboratory analysis. Sampling design to capture site-specific variability is documented in the agricultural literature, but poorly understood for urban forest soils where soils may be characterized by strong horizontal and vertical variability and large temporal anthropogenic disturbances. Methods: This paper evaluates the spatial variability of selected topsoil properties under urban trees to define a statistically robust sampling design that optimizes the number of samples to reliably characterize basal soil respiration (BSR), a property associated with soil health. To provide a reference on variability, two additional soil properties were measured, unrelated to BSR: electrical conductivity (EC) and bulk density (BD). Thirteen sampling sites comprising both park and street trees ( Acer rubrum) were selected in Cambridge, MA, USA. Results: Results indicate street tree topsoil had approximately twice as much variation, requiring more intensive sampling, as did park tree topsoil, even though street trees had smaller soil sampling zones, constricted by tree pits. The variability of BSR was nearly identical to that of EC, and BD results varied least. A large number of samples would be required for acceptable levels of statistical reliability (90% CI - 10% ER) of 44.4, 41.7, and 6.4 for BSR, EC, and BD, respectively, whereas by accepting a lower level of certainty (80% CI - 20% ER) the number of required soil samples was calculated as 6.8, 6.4, and 0.4 for BSR, EC, and BD, respectively. Conclusions: The use of EC testing as a baseline measure to determine spatial variation in the topsoil is proposed, to alleviate the financial implications of more expensive BSR testing. Factors of topsoil disturbance and soil access restrictions at sites with severe root-sidewalk conflicts and the overall generalizability of the results are also discussed.
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spelling pubmed-105876622023-10-21 Spatial variability of urban forest topsoil properties: towards representative and robust sampling design Galle, Nadina Brinton, William Vos, Robin Duarte, Fábio Collier, Marcus Ratti, Carlo Pilla, Francesco Open Res Eur Research Article Background: Soil spatial variability is a major concern when deciding how to collect a representative topsoil sample for laboratory analysis. Sampling design to capture site-specific variability is documented in the agricultural literature, but poorly understood for urban forest soils where soils may be characterized by strong horizontal and vertical variability and large temporal anthropogenic disturbances. Methods: This paper evaluates the spatial variability of selected topsoil properties under urban trees to define a statistically robust sampling design that optimizes the number of samples to reliably characterize basal soil respiration (BSR), a property associated with soil health. To provide a reference on variability, two additional soil properties were measured, unrelated to BSR: electrical conductivity (EC) and bulk density (BD). Thirteen sampling sites comprising both park and street trees ( Acer rubrum) were selected in Cambridge, MA, USA. Results: Results indicate street tree topsoil had approximately twice as much variation, requiring more intensive sampling, as did park tree topsoil, even though street trees had smaller soil sampling zones, constricted by tree pits. The variability of BSR was nearly identical to that of EC, and BD results varied least. A large number of samples would be required for acceptable levels of statistical reliability (90% CI - 10% ER) of 44.4, 41.7, and 6.4 for BSR, EC, and BD, respectively, whereas by accepting a lower level of certainty (80% CI - 20% ER) the number of required soil samples was calculated as 6.8, 6.4, and 0.4 for BSR, EC, and BD, respectively. Conclusions: The use of EC testing as a baseline measure to determine spatial variation in the topsoil is proposed, to alleviate the financial implications of more expensive BSR testing. Factors of topsoil disturbance and soil access restrictions at sites with severe root-sidewalk conflicts and the overall generalizability of the results are also discussed. F1000 Research Limited 2023-10-18 /pmc/articles/PMC10587662/ /pubmed/37868261 http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13502.2 Text en Copyright: © 2023 Galle N et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Galle, Nadina
Brinton, William
Vos, Robin
Duarte, Fábio
Collier, Marcus
Ratti, Carlo
Pilla, Francesco
Spatial variability of urban forest topsoil properties: towards representative and robust sampling design
title Spatial variability of urban forest topsoil properties: towards representative and robust sampling design
title_full Spatial variability of urban forest topsoil properties: towards representative and robust sampling design
title_fullStr Spatial variability of urban forest topsoil properties: towards representative and robust sampling design
title_full_unstemmed Spatial variability of urban forest topsoil properties: towards representative and robust sampling design
title_short Spatial variability of urban forest topsoil properties: towards representative and robust sampling design
title_sort spatial variability of urban forest topsoil properties: towards representative and robust sampling design
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10587662/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37868261
http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/openreseurope.13502.2
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