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Predictors of Coronary Artery Disease in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction at the Aga Khan University Hospital in Nairobi

There appears to be an epidemiological transition in the etiology of heart failure in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in parallel with a steady increase in risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). SSA has limited access to heart failure and CAD diagnostics, limiting the number of patients who receiv...

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Autores principales: Kimeu, Redemptar, Jeilan, Mohamed, Ngunga, Mzee
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Ubiquity Press 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10588509/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37868128
http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/gh.1271
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author Kimeu, Redemptar
Jeilan, Mohamed
Ngunga, Mzee
author_facet Kimeu, Redemptar
Jeilan, Mohamed
Ngunga, Mzee
author_sort Kimeu, Redemptar
collection PubMed
description There appears to be an epidemiological transition in the etiology of heart failure in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in parallel with a steady increase in risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). SSA has limited access to heart failure and CAD diagnostics, limiting the number of patients who receive optimal care. Our objectives were to study the predictors of coronary artery disease among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and develop a model to assist clinicians in determining the likelihood of CAD before cardiac catheterization. METHODOLOGY: This was a retrospective study at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, which is equipped with diagnostic capabilities for heart failure and coronary artery assessment. We evaluated patients with HFrEF based on echocardiographic data over a 12-year period. Patients with coronary anatomical evaluation data were included. A multivariable model of CAD was generated using stepwise logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the 1329 patients screened, 514 met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 61.0 ± 12.8 years. There were 381 male cases (75.2%), and the predominant race was African, numbering 386 (75.2%). Most patients, 97%, were evaluated through conventional coronary angiography. Further, 310 (60.3%) cases had significant CAD. The prevalence of CAD in HFrEF was 52.3% in Africans, 85% in Asians, and 79% in Caucasians. In the multivariable logistic regression, the odds of having significant CAD was higher among participants with diabetes mellitus (aOR: 1.86; 95%CI: 1.15–3.03), Q waves (aOR: 2.12; 95%CI: 1.12–4.10), significant ST segment deviation (aOR: 4.14; 95%CI: 2.23–8.03), and regional wall motion abnormalities on echocardiogram (aOR: 6.53; 95%CI: 3.94–11.06). CONCLUSION: In this population, CAD was a major etiology in HFrEF among the African population. The most powerful predictors of CAD were type 2 diabetes, the presence of pathological Q waves, or ST segment shift on a 12-lead electrocardiogram, and regional wall motion abnormality on 2D echocardiogram. HIGHLIGHTS: 1. There is an epidemiological transition in the cause of heart failure in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in keeping with the steady increase in cardiovascular risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). 2. The prevalence of CAD in African patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) was 52.3%. 3. In the multivariable logistic regression, diabetic mellitus, pathological Q waves, significant ST segment deviation, and regional wall motion abnormalities were significantly associated with CAD.
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spelling pubmed-105885092023-10-21 Predictors of Coronary Artery Disease in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction at the Aga Khan University Hospital in Nairobi Kimeu, Redemptar Jeilan, Mohamed Ngunga, Mzee Glob Heart Original Research There appears to be an epidemiological transition in the etiology of heart failure in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in parallel with a steady increase in risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). SSA has limited access to heart failure and CAD diagnostics, limiting the number of patients who receive optimal care. Our objectives were to study the predictors of coronary artery disease among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and develop a model to assist clinicians in determining the likelihood of CAD before cardiac catheterization. METHODOLOGY: This was a retrospective study at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Nairobi, which is equipped with diagnostic capabilities for heart failure and coronary artery assessment. We evaluated patients with HFrEF based on echocardiographic data over a 12-year period. Patients with coronary anatomical evaluation data were included. A multivariable model of CAD was generated using stepwise logistic regression. RESULTS: Of the 1329 patients screened, 514 met the inclusion criteria. The mean age was 61.0 ± 12.8 years. There were 381 male cases (75.2%), and the predominant race was African, numbering 386 (75.2%). Most patients, 97%, were evaluated through conventional coronary angiography. Further, 310 (60.3%) cases had significant CAD. The prevalence of CAD in HFrEF was 52.3% in Africans, 85% in Asians, and 79% in Caucasians. In the multivariable logistic regression, the odds of having significant CAD was higher among participants with diabetes mellitus (aOR: 1.86; 95%CI: 1.15–3.03), Q waves (aOR: 2.12; 95%CI: 1.12–4.10), significant ST segment deviation (aOR: 4.14; 95%CI: 2.23–8.03), and regional wall motion abnormalities on echocardiogram (aOR: 6.53; 95%CI: 3.94–11.06). CONCLUSION: In this population, CAD was a major etiology in HFrEF among the African population. The most powerful predictors of CAD were type 2 diabetes, the presence of pathological Q waves, or ST segment shift on a 12-lead electrocardiogram, and regional wall motion abnormality on 2D echocardiogram. HIGHLIGHTS: 1. There is an epidemiological transition in the cause of heart failure in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) in keeping with the steady increase in cardiovascular risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD). 2. The prevalence of CAD in African patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) was 52.3%. 3. In the multivariable logistic regression, diabetic mellitus, pathological Q waves, significant ST segment deviation, and regional wall motion abnormalities were significantly associated with CAD. Ubiquity Press 2023-10-19 /pmc/articles/PMC10588509/ /pubmed/37868128 http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/gh.1271 Text en Copyright: © 2023 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
spellingShingle Original Research
Kimeu, Redemptar
Jeilan, Mohamed
Ngunga, Mzee
Predictors of Coronary Artery Disease in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction at the Aga Khan University Hospital in Nairobi
title Predictors of Coronary Artery Disease in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction at the Aga Khan University Hospital in Nairobi
title_full Predictors of Coronary Artery Disease in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction at the Aga Khan University Hospital in Nairobi
title_fullStr Predictors of Coronary Artery Disease in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction at the Aga Khan University Hospital in Nairobi
title_full_unstemmed Predictors of Coronary Artery Disease in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction at the Aga Khan University Hospital in Nairobi
title_short Predictors of Coronary Artery Disease in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction at the Aga Khan University Hospital in Nairobi
title_sort predictors of coronary artery disease in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction at the aga khan university hospital in nairobi
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10588509/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37868128
http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/gh.1271
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