Assessment of Knowledge and Attitudes Toward Palliative Care and End-of-Life Decision-Making in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Background: Palliative care in Saudi Arabia has witnessed significant recent progress through the establishment of the Saudi Society for Palliative Care and the National Palliative Care Program. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge and attitudes regarding palliative care and end-of-life decision-making in Saudi Arabia's Eastern and Central provinces among individuals residing in these regions. Methods: Utilizing a cross-sectional survey-based research design, we assessed knowledge and attitudes regarding palliative care and end-of-life decision-making in Saudi Arabia's Eastern and Central provinces. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling via social media. Data collection included demographic information, palliative care knowledge, attitudes toward palliative care, and cultural influences on end-of-life decisions. Results: A total of 710 participants completed the survey, resulting in a response rate of 85%, with a balanced gender distribution, predominantly aged 25-54. Over half were healthcare providers, many possessing more than 15 years of healthcare experience. A substantial proportion had received formal palliative care training and had personal involvement in end-of-life decisions. While most participants demonstrated a good understanding of palliative care, knowledge gaps, especially regarding its timing, persisted. Generally, participants felt at ease discussing end-of-life care and believed in palliative care's effectiveness. Cultural influences on end-of-life decisions were perceived both positively and negatively, with some facing cultural challenges in palliative care. Conclusions: This study underscores a promising understanding of palliative care in Saudi Arabia alongside persistent misconceptions. It highlights the necessity for targeted education to rectify misperceptions, particularly concerning the initiation timing of palliative care. Cultural factors strongly impact end-of-life decisions, emphasizing the need for culturally sensitive healthcare discussions and provider training.