Beta‐cell function in type 2 diabetes (T2DM): Can it be preserved or enhanced?

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder manifested by hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and deteriorating beta‐cell function. A way to prevent progression of the disease might be to enhance beta‐cell function and insulin secretion. However, most previous studies examined beta‐cell function while patients were using glycemia‐lowering agents without an adequate period off medications (washout). In the present review we focus on studies with a washout period. We performed a literature search (2010 to June 2021) using beta‐cell function and enhancement. The evidence shows that beta‐cell function can be enhanced. Bariatric surgery and very low calorie diets show improvement in beta‐cell function in many individuals. In addition, use of glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists for prolonged periods (3 years or more) can also lead to improvement of beta‐cell function. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms leading to improved beta‐cell function and identify agents that could enhance beta‐cell function in patients with T2DM.