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Appropriateness ratings of everyday behaviors in the United States now and 50 years ago

INTRODUCTION: A crucial aspect of social norms pertains to determining which behaviors are considered appropriate. Here we consider everyday behaviors. Some everyday behaviors are rated as more appropriate than others, and ratings of the appropriateness of a given behavior may vary over time. The ob...

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Autores principales: Eriksson, Kimmo, Strimling, Pontus, Vartanova, Irina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10590884/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37876843
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1237494
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author Eriksson, Kimmo
Strimling, Pontus
Vartanova, Irina
author_facet Eriksson, Kimmo
Strimling, Pontus
Vartanova, Irina
author_sort Eriksson, Kimmo
collection PubMed
description INTRODUCTION: A crucial aspect of social norms pertains to determining which behaviors are considered appropriate. Here we consider everyday behaviors. Some everyday behaviors are rated as more appropriate than others, and ratings of the appropriateness of a given behavior may vary over time. The objective of this study is to elucidate the reasons behind variation in appropriateness ratings of everyday behaviors in the United States. Our theory focuses on how the evaluation of the appropriateness of a behavior is influenced by its potential for externalities and internalities, and how this influence may cause a change in norms over time. METHOD: Employing a preregistered design, we asked American participants to rate 37 different everyday behaviors based on their appropriateness in a range of common situations, as well as their potential negative externalities (e.g., being loud, being aggressive, taking up space) and positive internalities (e.g., pleasurability). Changes over time were calculated as the difference between mean ratings obtained in this study and ratings of the same behavior in a similar study conducted 50 years ago. RESULTS: As expected, overall appropriateness ratings of everyday behaviors are associated both with their externalities and their internalities, so that the least appropriate behaviors tend to have considerable potential for negative externalities and little potential for positive internalities. Moreover, behaviors that have considerable potential for negative externalities are perceived as less appropriate now than 50 years ago. DISCUSSION: By describing how social norms for everyday behaviors depend on the externalities and internalities of behaviors, this study contributes to theories about the emergence and change of social norms.
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spelling pubmed-105908842023-10-24 Appropriateness ratings of everyday behaviors in the United States now and 50 years ago Eriksson, Kimmo Strimling, Pontus Vartanova, Irina Front Psychol Psychology INTRODUCTION: A crucial aspect of social norms pertains to determining which behaviors are considered appropriate. Here we consider everyday behaviors. Some everyday behaviors are rated as more appropriate than others, and ratings of the appropriateness of a given behavior may vary over time. The objective of this study is to elucidate the reasons behind variation in appropriateness ratings of everyday behaviors in the United States. Our theory focuses on how the evaluation of the appropriateness of a behavior is influenced by its potential for externalities and internalities, and how this influence may cause a change in norms over time. METHOD: Employing a preregistered design, we asked American participants to rate 37 different everyday behaviors based on their appropriateness in a range of common situations, as well as their potential negative externalities (e.g., being loud, being aggressive, taking up space) and positive internalities (e.g., pleasurability). Changes over time were calculated as the difference between mean ratings obtained in this study and ratings of the same behavior in a similar study conducted 50 years ago. RESULTS: As expected, overall appropriateness ratings of everyday behaviors are associated both with their externalities and their internalities, so that the least appropriate behaviors tend to have considerable potential for negative externalities and little potential for positive internalities. Moreover, behaviors that have considerable potential for negative externalities are perceived as less appropriate now than 50 years ago. DISCUSSION: By describing how social norms for everyday behaviors depend on the externalities and internalities of behaviors, this study contributes to theories about the emergence and change of social norms. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-10-09 /pmc/articles/PMC10590884/ /pubmed/37876843 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1237494 Text en Copyright © 2023 Eriksson, Strimling and Vartanova. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Psychology
Eriksson, Kimmo
Strimling, Pontus
Vartanova, Irina
Appropriateness ratings of everyday behaviors in the United States now and 50 years ago
title Appropriateness ratings of everyday behaviors in the United States now and 50 years ago
title_full Appropriateness ratings of everyday behaviors in the United States now and 50 years ago
title_fullStr Appropriateness ratings of everyday behaviors in the United States now and 50 years ago
title_full_unstemmed Appropriateness ratings of everyday behaviors in the United States now and 50 years ago
title_short Appropriateness ratings of everyday behaviors in the United States now and 50 years ago
title_sort appropriateness ratings of everyday behaviors in the united states now and 50 years ago
topic Psychology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10590884/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37876843
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1237494
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