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Atrazine: cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, testicular effects and chemopreventive Interventions
Atrazine (ATZ) is an environmental pollutant that interferes with several aspects of mammalian cellular processes including germ cell development, immunological, reproductive and neurological functions. At the level of human exposure, ATZ reduces sperm count and contribute to infertility in men. ATZ...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10590919/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37876981 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ftox.2023.1246708 |
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author | Abarikwu, Sunny O. Ezim, Ogechukwu E. Ikeji, Cynthia N. Farombi, Ebenezer O. |
author_facet | Abarikwu, Sunny O. Ezim, Ogechukwu E. Ikeji, Cynthia N. Farombi, Ebenezer O. |
author_sort | Abarikwu, Sunny O. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Atrazine (ATZ) is an environmental pollutant that interferes with several aspects of mammalian cellular processes including germ cell development, immunological, reproductive and neurological functions. At the level of human exposure, ATZ reduces sperm count and contribute to infertility in men. ATZ also induces morphological changes similar to apoptosis and initiates mitochondria-dependent cell death in several experimental models. When in vitro experimental models are exposed to ATZ, they are faced with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytotoxicity and decreased growth rate at dosages that may vary with cell types. This results in differing cytotoxic responses that are influenced by the nature of target cells, assay types and concentrations of ATZ. However, oxidative stress could play salient role in the observed cellular and genetic toxicity and apoptosis-like effects which could be abrogated by antioxidant vitamins and flavonoids, including vitamin E, quercetin, kolaviron, myricetin and bioactive extractives with antioxidant effects. This review focuses on the differential responses of cell types to ATZ toxicity, testicular effects of ATZ in both in vitro and in vivo models and chemopreventive strategies, so as to highlight the current state of the art on the toxicological outcomes of ATZ exposure in several experimental model systems. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10590919 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105909192023-10-24 Atrazine: cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, testicular effects and chemopreventive Interventions Abarikwu, Sunny O. Ezim, Ogechukwu E. Ikeji, Cynthia N. Farombi, Ebenezer O. Front Toxicol Toxicology Atrazine (ATZ) is an environmental pollutant that interferes with several aspects of mammalian cellular processes including germ cell development, immunological, reproductive and neurological functions. At the level of human exposure, ATZ reduces sperm count and contribute to infertility in men. ATZ also induces morphological changes similar to apoptosis and initiates mitochondria-dependent cell death in several experimental models. When in vitro experimental models are exposed to ATZ, they are faced with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cytotoxicity and decreased growth rate at dosages that may vary with cell types. This results in differing cytotoxic responses that are influenced by the nature of target cells, assay types and concentrations of ATZ. However, oxidative stress could play salient role in the observed cellular and genetic toxicity and apoptosis-like effects which could be abrogated by antioxidant vitamins and flavonoids, including vitamin E, quercetin, kolaviron, myricetin and bioactive extractives with antioxidant effects. This review focuses on the differential responses of cell types to ATZ toxicity, testicular effects of ATZ in both in vitro and in vivo models and chemopreventive strategies, so as to highlight the current state of the art on the toxicological outcomes of ATZ exposure in several experimental model systems. Frontiers Media S.A. 2023-10-09 /pmc/articles/PMC10590919/ /pubmed/37876981 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ftox.2023.1246708 Text en Copyright © 2023 Abarikwu, Ezim, Ikeji and Farombi. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Toxicology Abarikwu, Sunny O. Ezim, Ogechukwu E. Ikeji, Cynthia N. Farombi, Ebenezer O. Atrazine: cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, testicular effects and chemopreventive Interventions |
title | Atrazine: cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, testicular effects and chemopreventive Interventions |
title_full | Atrazine: cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, testicular effects and chemopreventive Interventions |
title_fullStr | Atrazine: cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, testicular effects and chemopreventive Interventions |
title_full_unstemmed | Atrazine: cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, testicular effects and chemopreventive Interventions |
title_short | Atrazine: cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, testicular effects and chemopreventive Interventions |
title_sort | atrazine: cytotoxicity, oxidative stress, apoptosis, testicular effects and chemopreventive interventions |
topic | Toxicology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10590919/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37876981 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ftox.2023.1246708 |
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