Inhibition of calcium imbalance protects hepatocytes from vanadium exposure-induced inflammation by mediating mitochondrial-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes in ducks

Vanadium (V) is an essential mineral element in animals, but excessive V can lead to many diseases, affecting the health of humans and animals. However, the molecular crosstalk between mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membranes (MAMs) and inflammation under V exposure is still at the exploratory stage. This study was conducted to determine the molecular crosstalk between MAMs and inflammation under V exposure in ducks. In this study, duck hepatocytes were treated with NaVO(3) (0 μM, 100 μM, and 200 μM) and 2-aminoethyl diphenyl borate (2-APB) (IP(3)R inhibitor) alone or in combination for 24 h. The data showed that V exposure-induced cell vacuolization, enlarged intercellular space, and decreased density and viability. Meanwhile, hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), malonaldehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were upregulated under V treatment. In addition, excessive V could lead to a marked reduction in the MAMs structure, destruction of the membrane structure and overload of intracellular Ca(2+) and mitochondrial Ca(2+). Moreover, V treatment resulted in notable upregulation of the levels of MAMs-relevant factors (IP(3)R, Mfn2, Grp75, MCU, VDAC1) but downregulated the levels of IL-18, IL-1β, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the cell supernatant. Additionally, it also significantly elevated the levels of inflammation-relevant factors (NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, MAVS, IL-18, IL-1β, and TXNIP). However, the inhibition of IP(3)R expression attenuated the V-induced variations in the above indicators. Collectively, our results revealed that the maintenance of calcium homeostasis could protect duck hepatocytes from V-induced inflammation injury via MAMs.