Comparative Proteomic Study of Retinal Ganglion Cells Undergoing Various Types of Cellular Stressors

Retinal ganglion cell (RGC) damage serves as a key indicator of various retinal degenerative diseases, including diabetic retinopathy (DR), glaucoma, retinal arterial and retinal vein occlusions, as well as inflammatory and traumatic optic neuropathies. Despite the growing body of data on the RGC proteomics associated with these conditions, there has been no dedicated study conducted to compare the molecular signaling pathways involved in the mechanism of neuronal cell death. Therefore, we launched the study using two different insults leading to RGC death: glutamate excitotoxicity and optic nerve crush (ONC). C57BL/6 mice were used for the study and underwent NMDA- and ONC-induced damages. Twenty-four hours after ONC and 1 hour after NMDA injection, we collected RGCs using CD90.2 coupled magnetic beads, prepared protein extracts, and employed LC-MS for the global proteomic analysis of RGCs. Statistically significant changes in proteins were analyzed using the Shiny Go program to identify GO biological processes and molecular functions resulting from the treatment. We identified unique and common alterations in protein profiles in RGCs undergoing different types of cellular stressors. Additionally, we observed the absence of certain proteins in treated RGCs compared to the control group. Our study not only identified both unique and shared proteomic changes but also laid the groundwork for the future development of a therapeutic platform for testing gene candidates for DR and glaucoma.