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Feedback control of heart rate during treadmill exercise based on a two-phase response model

This work investigated automatic control of heart rate during treadmill exercise. The aim was to theoretically derive a generic feedback design strategy that achieves a constant input sensitivity function for linear, time-invariant plant models, and to empirically test whether a compensator C(2) bas...

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Autores principales: Wang, Hanjie, Hunt, Kenneth J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10593204/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37871010
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292310
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author Wang, Hanjie
Hunt, Kenneth J.
author_facet Wang, Hanjie
Hunt, Kenneth J.
author_sort Wang, Hanjie
collection PubMed
description This work investigated automatic control of heart rate during treadmill exercise. The aim was to theoretically derive a generic feedback design strategy that achieves a constant input sensitivity function for linear, time-invariant plant models, and to empirically test whether a compensator C(2) based on a second-order model is more dynamic and has better tracking accuracy than a compensator C(1) based on a first-order model. Twenty-three healthy participants were tested using first and second order compensators, C(1) and C(2), respectively, during 35-minute bouts of constant heart rate treadmill running. It was found that compensator C(2) was significantly more accurate, i.e. it had 7% lower mean root-mean-square tracking error (1.98 vs. 2.13 beats per minute, p = 0.026), and significantly more dynamic, i.e. it had 17% higher mean average control signal power (23.4 × 10(−4) m(2)/s(2) vs. 20.0 × 10(−4) m(2)/s(2), p = 0.011), than C(1). This improvement likely stems from the substantially and significantly better fidelity of second-order models, compared to first order models, in line with classical descriptions of the different phases of the cardiac response to exercise. These outcomes, achieved using a treadmill, are consistent with previous observations for the cycle ergometer exercise modality. In summary, whenever heart rate tracking accuracy is of primary importance and a more dynamic control signal is acceptable, the use of a compensator based on a second-order nominal model is recommended.
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spelling pubmed-105932042023-10-24 Feedback control of heart rate during treadmill exercise based on a two-phase response model Wang, Hanjie Hunt, Kenneth J. PLoS One Research Article This work investigated automatic control of heart rate during treadmill exercise. The aim was to theoretically derive a generic feedback design strategy that achieves a constant input sensitivity function for linear, time-invariant plant models, and to empirically test whether a compensator C(2) based on a second-order model is more dynamic and has better tracking accuracy than a compensator C(1) based on a first-order model. Twenty-three healthy participants were tested using first and second order compensators, C(1) and C(2), respectively, during 35-minute bouts of constant heart rate treadmill running. It was found that compensator C(2) was significantly more accurate, i.e. it had 7% lower mean root-mean-square tracking error (1.98 vs. 2.13 beats per minute, p = 0.026), and significantly more dynamic, i.e. it had 17% higher mean average control signal power (23.4 × 10(−4) m(2)/s(2) vs. 20.0 × 10(−4) m(2)/s(2), p = 0.011), than C(1). This improvement likely stems from the substantially and significantly better fidelity of second-order models, compared to first order models, in line with classical descriptions of the different phases of the cardiac response to exercise. These outcomes, achieved using a treadmill, are consistent with previous observations for the cycle ergometer exercise modality. In summary, whenever heart rate tracking accuracy is of primary importance and a more dynamic control signal is acceptable, the use of a compensator based on a second-order nominal model is recommended. Public Library of Science 2023-10-23 /pmc/articles/PMC10593204/ /pubmed/37871010 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292310 Text en © 2023 Wang, Hunt https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Wang, Hanjie
Hunt, Kenneth J.
Feedback control of heart rate during treadmill exercise based on a two-phase response model
title Feedback control of heart rate during treadmill exercise based on a two-phase response model
title_full Feedback control of heart rate during treadmill exercise based on a two-phase response model
title_fullStr Feedback control of heart rate during treadmill exercise based on a two-phase response model
title_full_unstemmed Feedback control of heart rate during treadmill exercise based on a two-phase response model
title_short Feedback control of heart rate during treadmill exercise based on a two-phase response model
title_sort feedback control of heart rate during treadmill exercise based on a two-phase response model
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10593204/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37871010
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292310
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