TSH receptor autoantibody levels post-total thyroidectomy in Graves’ ophthalmopathy: a meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: TSH receptor autoantibodies (TRAbs) are pathognomonic for Graves’ disease and are thought to also underly the pathogenesis of Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO). A decline in TRAb levels has been documented post-total thyroidectomy (TTx) in GO, however with conflicting correlations with disease outcomes. The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of TTx to other treatment modalities of Graves’ disease and examine whether the lowering of TRAbs is associated with GO improvements. METHOD: We searched electronic databases including Medline, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science until 31 September 2022 using a broad range of keywords. Patients with GO undergoing TTx with measurements of both TRAbs and progression of the disease using a validated GO scoring system were included. Fourteen studies encompassing data from 1047 patients with GO met our eligibility criteria. The PRISMA guidelines were followed, and five studies had comparable data that were suitable for a meta-analysis. RESULTS: The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool for RCTs showed low risk of bias across most domains. The pooled odds ratio showed that more patients significantly had normalized TRAb levels post-TTx as compared to other interventions (OR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.02–1.81, p = 0.035). But, there was no significant difference in GO improvement post-TTx as compared with other intervention groups. CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis shows that TRAb levels may decline largely post-TTx, but may not predict added improvements to the progression of GO. Thus, future studies with uniform designs are required to assess the minimal significant GO improvements. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00423-023-03153-3.