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Are anxious and mixed depression two sides of the same coin? Similarities and differences in patients with bipolar I, II and unipolar disorders
BACKGROUND: Diagnostic criteria are not always useful to discriminate major depression with anxious distress (ADS-D; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, version-5 [DSM-5] criteria) from mixed depression (Koukopoulos’ criteria; KMX-D). So, clinicians need alternative tools to impr...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Cambridge University Press
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10594275/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37697671 http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2445 |
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author | Tundo, Antonio Musetti, Laura Betrò, Sophia Cambiali, Erika de Filippis, Rocco Marazziti, Donatella Mucci, Federico Proietti, Luca Dell’Osso, Liliana |
author_facet | Tundo, Antonio Musetti, Laura Betrò, Sophia Cambiali, Erika de Filippis, Rocco Marazziti, Donatella Mucci, Federico Proietti, Luca Dell’Osso, Liliana |
author_sort | Tundo, Antonio |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Diagnostic criteria are not always useful to discriminate major depression with anxious distress (ADS-D; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, version-5 [DSM-5] criteria) from mixed depression (Koukopoulos’ criteria; KMX-D). So, clinicians need alternative tools to improve their diagnostic ability and to choose the most appropriate treatment. The aim of the present study is to identify socio-demographic and clinical features that discriminate patients with ADS-D from those with KMX-D. METHODS: Two hundred and forty-one consecutive outpatients with unipolar (51%) and bipolar (49%) disorder, fulfilling DSM-5 criteria for a current major depressive episode (MDE) and with a 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score ≥ 14, were recruited and treated in a prospective observational study. RESULTS: Ten percent of patients met criteria for KMX-D, 22% ADS-D, and 37% for both. Irritable premorbid temperament, mixed depression polarity at onset, mixed depression recurrence, and a high number of mania symptoms at intake were typical features of patients with KMX-D. Depressive polarity at onset, a low number of mania symptoms at intake, and generalized anxiety disorder comorbidity were typical features of patients with ADS-D. Multinomial logistic regression confirmed that higher rate of irritable temperament and higher Young Mania Rating Scale total score differentiated patients with KMX-D from patients with pure MDE. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest some clinical features that could help differentiate between ADS-D and KMX-D in patients meeting both conditions and to select the appropriate treatment. However, the small sample size may have limited the power to detect differences between the groups. Further research is needed to confirm the results of present study. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10594275 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Cambridge University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105942752023-10-25 Are anxious and mixed depression two sides of the same coin? Similarities and differences in patients with bipolar I, II and unipolar disorders Tundo, Antonio Musetti, Laura Betrò, Sophia Cambiali, Erika de Filippis, Rocco Marazziti, Donatella Mucci, Federico Proietti, Luca Dell’Osso, Liliana Eur Psychiatry Research Article BACKGROUND: Diagnostic criteria are not always useful to discriminate major depression with anxious distress (ADS-D; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders, version-5 [DSM-5] criteria) from mixed depression (Koukopoulos’ criteria; KMX-D). So, clinicians need alternative tools to improve their diagnostic ability and to choose the most appropriate treatment. The aim of the present study is to identify socio-demographic and clinical features that discriminate patients with ADS-D from those with KMX-D. METHODS: Two hundred and forty-one consecutive outpatients with unipolar (51%) and bipolar (49%) disorder, fulfilling DSM-5 criteria for a current major depressive episode (MDE) and with a 21-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score ≥ 14, were recruited and treated in a prospective observational study. RESULTS: Ten percent of patients met criteria for KMX-D, 22% ADS-D, and 37% for both. Irritable premorbid temperament, mixed depression polarity at onset, mixed depression recurrence, and a high number of mania symptoms at intake were typical features of patients with KMX-D. Depressive polarity at onset, a low number of mania symptoms at intake, and generalized anxiety disorder comorbidity were typical features of patients with ADS-D. Multinomial logistic regression confirmed that higher rate of irritable temperament and higher Young Mania Rating Scale total score differentiated patients with KMX-D from patients with pure MDE. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest some clinical features that could help differentiate between ADS-D and KMX-D in patients meeting both conditions and to select the appropriate treatment. However, the small sample size may have limited the power to detect differences between the groups. Further research is needed to confirm the results of present study. Cambridge University Press 2023-09-12 /pmc/articles/PMC10594275/ /pubmed/37697671 http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2445 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution and reproduction, provided the original article is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Tundo, Antonio Musetti, Laura Betrò, Sophia Cambiali, Erika de Filippis, Rocco Marazziti, Donatella Mucci, Federico Proietti, Luca Dell’Osso, Liliana Are anxious and mixed depression two sides of the same coin? Similarities and differences in patients with bipolar I, II and unipolar disorders |
title | Are anxious and mixed depression two sides of the same coin? Similarities and differences in patients with bipolar I, II and unipolar disorders |
title_full | Are anxious and mixed depression two sides of the same coin? Similarities and differences in patients with bipolar I, II and unipolar disorders |
title_fullStr | Are anxious and mixed depression two sides of the same coin? Similarities and differences in patients with bipolar I, II and unipolar disorders |
title_full_unstemmed | Are anxious and mixed depression two sides of the same coin? Similarities and differences in patients with bipolar I, II and unipolar disorders |
title_short | Are anxious and mixed depression two sides of the same coin? Similarities and differences in patients with bipolar I, II and unipolar disorders |
title_sort | are anxious and mixed depression two sides of the same coin? similarities and differences in patients with bipolar i, ii and unipolar disorders |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10594275/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37697671 http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2023.2445 |
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