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Examining the Effects of Dasatinib, Sorafenib, and Nilotinib on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Insights into Proliferation, Migration, and Gene Expression Dynamics
Background: Dasatinib, nilotinib, and sorafenib are clinically proven tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) used for the treatment of leukemia and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, there is a growing concern regarding cardiotoxicity associated with their use. The impact of these TKIs on vascular smooth...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10594443/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37873791 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diseases11040147 |
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author | Alhazzani, Khalid Almangour, Abdullah Alsalem, Abdulaziz Alqinyah, Mohammed Alhamed, Abdullah S. Alhamami, Hussain N. Alanazi, Ahmed Z. |
author_facet | Alhazzani, Khalid Almangour, Abdullah Alsalem, Abdulaziz Alqinyah, Mohammed Alhamed, Abdullah S. Alhamami, Hussain N. Alanazi, Ahmed Z. |
author_sort | Alhazzani, Khalid |
collection | PubMed |
description | Background: Dasatinib, nilotinib, and sorafenib are clinically proven tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) used for the treatment of leukemia and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, there is a growing concern regarding cardiotoxicity associated with their use. The impact of these TKIs on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the effects of TKIs on VSMC proliferation and migration, as well as to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involving inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. Methods: VSMCs were extracted from albino rats and cultured in vitro. The cells were divided into four experimental groups: control, dasatinib, sorafenib, and nilotinib. The MTT assay was employed to assess the cytotoxic effects of TKIs on VSMCs. A scratch assay was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory potential of TKIs on VSMC migration. Flow cytometry analysis was used to detect apoptotic cells. Real-Time PCR expression was utilized to determine the differential gene expression of apoptotic and inflammatory markers. Results: Dasatinib, nilotinib, and sorafenib demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on VSMC viability and migration at low concentrations (<1 µmol/L, p < 0.05). Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed up-regulation of inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and apoptotic markers (P53, BAX), along with down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic biomarker BCL-2 in response to all TKIs. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that dasatinib, nilotinib, and sorafenib inhibit VSMC proliferation and migration, suggesting their potential to induce vascular injury and remodeling by activating inflammation and apoptosis pathways. These findings highlight the need for further investigation into the cardiotoxic effects of these TKIs and the development of strategies to mitigate their adverse vascular effects. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10594443 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105944432023-10-25 Examining the Effects of Dasatinib, Sorafenib, and Nilotinib on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Insights into Proliferation, Migration, and Gene Expression Dynamics Alhazzani, Khalid Almangour, Abdullah Alsalem, Abdulaziz Alqinyah, Mohammed Alhamed, Abdullah S. Alhamami, Hussain N. Alanazi, Ahmed Z. Diseases Article Background: Dasatinib, nilotinib, and sorafenib are clinically proven tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) used for the treatment of leukemia and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, there is a growing concern regarding cardiotoxicity associated with their use. The impact of these TKIs on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) remains unexplored. This study aims to investigate the effects of TKIs on VSMC proliferation and migration, as well as to elucidate the underlying mechanisms involving inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. Methods: VSMCs were extracted from albino rats and cultured in vitro. The cells were divided into four experimental groups: control, dasatinib, sorafenib, and nilotinib. The MTT assay was employed to assess the cytotoxic effects of TKIs on VSMCs. A scratch assay was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory potential of TKIs on VSMC migration. Flow cytometry analysis was used to detect apoptotic cells. Real-Time PCR expression was utilized to determine the differential gene expression of apoptotic and inflammatory markers. Results: Dasatinib, nilotinib, and sorafenib demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on VSMC viability and migration at low concentrations (<1 µmol/L, p < 0.05). Furthermore, gene expression analysis revealed up-regulation of inflammatory biomarkers (TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β) and apoptotic markers (P53, BAX), along with down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic biomarker BCL-2 in response to all TKIs. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that dasatinib, nilotinib, and sorafenib inhibit VSMC proliferation and migration, suggesting their potential to induce vascular injury and remodeling by activating inflammation and apoptosis pathways. These findings highlight the need for further investigation into the cardiotoxic effects of these TKIs and the development of strategies to mitigate their adverse vascular effects. MDPI 2023-10-23 /pmc/articles/PMC10594443/ /pubmed/37873791 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diseases11040147 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Alhazzani, Khalid Almangour, Abdullah Alsalem, Abdulaziz Alqinyah, Mohammed Alhamed, Abdullah S. Alhamami, Hussain N. Alanazi, Ahmed Z. Examining the Effects of Dasatinib, Sorafenib, and Nilotinib on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Insights into Proliferation, Migration, and Gene Expression Dynamics |
title | Examining the Effects of Dasatinib, Sorafenib, and Nilotinib on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Insights into Proliferation, Migration, and Gene Expression Dynamics |
title_full | Examining the Effects of Dasatinib, Sorafenib, and Nilotinib on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Insights into Proliferation, Migration, and Gene Expression Dynamics |
title_fullStr | Examining the Effects of Dasatinib, Sorafenib, and Nilotinib on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Insights into Proliferation, Migration, and Gene Expression Dynamics |
title_full_unstemmed | Examining the Effects of Dasatinib, Sorafenib, and Nilotinib on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Insights into Proliferation, Migration, and Gene Expression Dynamics |
title_short | Examining the Effects of Dasatinib, Sorafenib, and Nilotinib on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: Insights into Proliferation, Migration, and Gene Expression Dynamics |
title_sort | examining the effects of dasatinib, sorafenib, and nilotinib on vascular smooth muscle cells: insights into proliferation, migration, and gene expression dynamics |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10594443/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37873791 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diseases11040147 |
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