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Antibody Cross-Reactivity in Serodiagnosis of Lyme Disease

Lyme disease is a tick-borne disease caused by spirochetes belonging to the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. The disease is characterized by a varied course; therefore, the basis for diagnosis is laboratory methods. Currently, a two-tiered serological test is recommended, using an ELISA as a...

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Autores principales: Grąźlewska, Weronika, Holec-Gąsior, Lucyna
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10594444/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37873860
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antib12040063
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author Grąźlewska, Weronika
Holec-Gąsior, Lucyna
author_facet Grąźlewska, Weronika
Holec-Gąsior, Lucyna
author_sort Grąźlewska, Weronika
collection PubMed
description Lyme disease is a tick-borne disease caused by spirochetes belonging to the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. The disease is characterized by a varied course; therefore, the basis for diagnosis is laboratory methods. Currently, a two-tiered serological test is recommended, using an ELISA as a screening test and a Western blot as a confirmatory test. This approach was introduced due to the relatively high number of false-positive results obtained when using an ELISA alone. However, even this approach has not entirely solved the problem of false-positive results caused by cross-reactive antibodies. Many highly immunogenic B. burgdorferi s.l. proteins are recognized nonspecifically by antibodies directed against other pathogens. This also applies to antigens, such as OspC, BmpA, VlsE, and FlaB, i.e., those commonly used in serodiagnostic assays. Cross-reactions can be caused by both bacterial (relapsing fever Borrelia, Treponema pallidum) and viral (Epstein–Baar virus, Cytomegalovirus) infections. Additionally, a rheumatoid factor has also been shown to nonspecifically recognize B. burgdorferi s.l. proteins, resulting in false-positive results. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully interpret the results of serodiagnostic tests so as to avoid overdiagnosis of Lyme disease, which causes unnecessary implementations of strong antibiotic therapies and delays in the correct diagnosis.
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spelling pubmed-105944442023-10-25 Antibody Cross-Reactivity in Serodiagnosis of Lyme Disease Grąźlewska, Weronika Holec-Gąsior, Lucyna Antibodies (Basel) Review Lyme disease is a tick-borne disease caused by spirochetes belonging to the Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato complex. The disease is characterized by a varied course; therefore, the basis for diagnosis is laboratory methods. Currently, a two-tiered serological test is recommended, using an ELISA as a screening test and a Western blot as a confirmatory test. This approach was introduced due to the relatively high number of false-positive results obtained when using an ELISA alone. However, even this approach has not entirely solved the problem of false-positive results caused by cross-reactive antibodies. Many highly immunogenic B. burgdorferi s.l. proteins are recognized nonspecifically by antibodies directed against other pathogens. This also applies to antigens, such as OspC, BmpA, VlsE, and FlaB, i.e., those commonly used in serodiagnostic assays. Cross-reactions can be caused by both bacterial (relapsing fever Borrelia, Treponema pallidum) and viral (Epstein–Baar virus, Cytomegalovirus) infections. Additionally, a rheumatoid factor has also been shown to nonspecifically recognize B. burgdorferi s.l. proteins, resulting in false-positive results. Therefore, it is necessary to carefully interpret the results of serodiagnostic tests so as to avoid overdiagnosis of Lyme disease, which causes unnecessary implementations of strong antibiotic therapies and delays in the correct diagnosis. MDPI 2023-10-05 /pmc/articles/PMC10594444/ /pubmed/37873860 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antib12040063 Text en © 2023 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Grąźlewska, Weronika
Holec-Gąsior, Lucyna
Antibody Cross-Reactivity in Serodiagnosis of Lyme Disease
title Antibody Cross-Reactivity in Serodiagnosis of Lyme Disease
title_full Antibody Cross-Reactivity in Serodiagnosis of Lyme Disease
title_fullStr Antibody Cross-Reactivity in Serodiagnosis of Lyme Disease
title_full_unstemmed Antibody Cross-Reactivity in Serodiagnosis of Lyme Disease
title_short Antibody Cross-Reactivity in Serodiagnosis of Lyme Disease
title_sort antibody cross-reactivity in serodiagnosis of lyme disease
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10594444/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37873860
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antib12040063
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