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Patterns of enrichment and acceleration in evolutionary rates of promoters suggest a role of regulatory regions in cetacean gigantism

BACKGROUND: Cetaceans (whales, porpoises, and dolphins) are a lineage of aquatic mammals from which some species became giants. Only recently, gigantism has been investigated from the molecular point of view. Studies focused mainly on coding regions, and no data on the influence of regulatory region...

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Autores principales: Silva, Felipe A., Picorelli, Agnello C. R., Veiga, Giovanna S., Nery, Mariana F.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10594719/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37872505
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-023-02171-5
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author Silva, Felipe A.
Picorelli, Agnello C. R.
Veiga, Giovanna S.
Nery, Mariana F.
author_facet Silva, Felipe A.
Picorelli, Agnello C. R.
Veiga, Giovanna S.
Nery, Mariana F.
author_sort Silva, Felipe A.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Cetaceans (whales, porpoises, and dolphins) are a lineage of aquatic mammals from which some species became giants. Only recently, gigantism has been investigated from the molecular point of view. Studies focused mainly on coding regions, and no data on the influence of regulatory regions on gigantism in this group was available. Accordingly, we investigated the molecular evolution of non-coding regulatory regions of genes already described in the literature for association with size in mammals, focusing mainly on the promoter regions. For this, we used Ciiider and phyloP tools. Ciiider identifies significantly enriched transcription factor binding sites, and phyloP estimates the molecular evolution rate of the promoter. RESULTS: We found evidence of enrichment of transcription binding factors related to large body size, with distinct patterns between giant and non-giant cetaceans in the IGFBP7 and NCAPG promoters, in which repressive agents are present in small cetaceans and those that stimulate transcription, in giant cetaceans. In addition, we found evidence of acceleration in the IGF2, IGFBP2, IGFBP7, and ZFAT promoters. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that regulatory regions may also influence cetaceans’ body size, providing candidate genes for future research to understand the molecular basis of the largest living animals. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-023-02171-5.
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spelling pubmed-105947192023-10-25 Patterns of enrichment and acceleration in evolutionary rates of promoters suggest a role of regulatory regions in cetacean gigantism Silva, Felipe A. Picorelli, Agnello C. R. Veiga, Giovanna S. Nery, Mariana F. BMC Ecol Evol Research BACKGROUND: Cetaceans (whales, porpoises, and dolphins) are a lineage of aquatic mammals from which some species became giants. Only recently, gigantism has been investigated from the molecular point of view. Studies focused mainly on coding regions, and no data on the influence of regulatory regions on gigantism in this group was available. Accordingly, we investigated the molecular evolution of non-coding regulatory regions of genes already described in the literature for association with size in mammals, focusing mainly on the promoter regions. For this, we used Ciiider and phyloP tools. Ciiider identifies significantly enriched transcription factor binding sites, and phyloP estimates the molecular evolution rate of the promoter. RESULTS: We found evidence of enrichment of transcription binding factors related to large body size, with distinct patterns between giant and non-giant cetaceans in the IGFBP7 and NCAPG promoters, in which repressive agents are present in small cetaceans and those that stimulate transcription, in giant cetaceans. In addition, we found evidence of acceleration in the IGF2, IGFBP2, IGFBP7, and ZFAT promoters. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that regulatory regions may also influence cetaceans’ body size, providing candidate genes for future research to understand the molecular basis of the largest living animals. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12862-023-02171-5. BioMed Central 2023-10-24 /pmc/articles/PMC10594719/ /pubmed/37872505 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-023-02171-5 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Silva, Felipe A.
Picorelli, Agnello C. R.
Veiga, Giovanna S.
Nery, Mariana F.
Patterns of enrichment and acceleration in evolutionary rates of promoters suggest a role of regulatory regions in cetacean gigantism
title Patterns of enrichment and acceleration in evolutionary rates of promoters suggest a role of regulatory regions in cetacean gigantism
title_full Patterns of enrichment and acceleration in evolutionary rates of promoters suggest a role of regulatory regions in cetacean gigantism
title_fullStr Patterns of enrichment and acceleration in evolutionary rates of promoters suggest a role of regulatory regions in cetacean gigantism
title_full_unstemmed Patterns of enrichment and acceleration in evolutionary rates of promoters suggest a role of regulatory regions in cetacean gigantism
title_short Patterns of enrichment and acceleration in evolutionary rates of promoters suggest a role of regulatory regions in cetacean gigantism
title_sort patterns of enrichment and acceleration in evolutionary rates of promoters suggest a role of regulatory regions in cetacean gigantism
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10594719/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37872505
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12862-023-02171-5
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