Barriers and interventions for healthy and climate-friendly living for vulnerable groups

BACKGROUND: The climate crisis constitutes the largest threat to public health in the 21st century. Against this background co -beneficial measures for climate mitigation and health promotion can offer the opportunity for necessary transformative change, especially in terms of active mobility, sustainable food systems and spatial planning. Vulnerable groups are in particular affected by health burdens and limited in their scope of action regarding climate-friendly and healthy practices, making the identification of barriers and necessary structural changes especially important for vulnerable groups. METHODS: Within the framework of a narrative literature review, a policy analysis, and a complementary co-production workshop with representatives of vulnerable groups have been conducted. To identify essential measures amongst the core themes mobility, food system and spatial planning, the analysis included actual barriers and necessary structural changes for more health equity and climate mitigation. RESULTS: Based on our analytical framework different measures, especially requirements in terms of infrastructure, for all three fields of action (mobility, food system, and spatial planning) are needed. At the policy level, insufficient integration of public health aspects in other policy areas is evident, in particular due to a closed silo structure of different public authorities. CONCLUSIONS: To shape transformative changes toward healthy and climate-friendly living, at policy level, long-term goal-oriented thinking that goes beyond legislative and funding periods is needed in order to be able to implement structural changes. Likewise, there is a need for fiscal policy measures in the sense of a socially just and ecological transformation. Also investments in physical infrastructure (e.g. bicycle parking, low-priced offers of healthy and sustainable restaurants) are essential for a social-ecological transformation. KEY MESSAGES: • Healthy and climate-friendly environments for vulnerable groups are in the need for the needed transformation. • Using co-benefits between health promotion and climate mitigation measures.