Cargando…

Sex-Specific Immune Responses to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Diabetic Individuals: Implications for Vaccine Efficacy

Seasonal influenza vaccination has different implications on the immune response depending on the comorbidities. Diabetes is one such critical disease that increases the patient's susceptibility to influenza and suppresses vaccine efficacy and immunity. The sex of the individuals also plays a d...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Sengupta, Anirban, Al-Otaibi, Noha, Hinkula, Jorma
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10597737/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37881338
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3111351
_version_ 1785125408663928832
author Sengupta, Anirban
Al-Otaibi, Noha
Hinkula, Jorma
author_facet Sengupta, Anirban
Al-Otaibi, Noha
Hinkula, Jorma
author_sort Sengupta, Anirban
collection PubMed
description Seasonal influenza vaccination has different implications on the immune response depending on the comorbidities. Diabetes is one such critical disease that increases the patient's susceptibility to influenza and suppresses vaccine efficacy and immunity. The sex of the individuals also plays a definitive role in the immune responses to both the vaccine and the infection. This study aims to understand the efficacy of the seasonal vaccine against influenza in diabetic groups and undergoing immune mechanisms in different sexes (females and males). In this study, we are reporting about a switching of the immune response of the infected and vaccinated diabetic females towards stronger Th1/Th17 responses with suppressed humoral immunity. They show increased cDC1, enhanced proinflammatory activities within T cells, CD8T activation, Th17 proliferation, and the majority of IgG2 antibody subtypes with reduced neutralization potential. Males with diabetes exhibit enhanced humoral Th2-immunity than the nondiabetic group. They exhibit higher cDC2, and DEC205 levels within them with an increase in plasma B lymphocytes, higher IgG1 subtypes in plasma cells, and influenza-hemagglutinin-specific IgG titer with stronger virus neutralization potential. Males with diabetes recovered better than the females as observed from the changes in their body weight. This study highlights the critical immune mechanisms and sex-specific swapping of their preferred immune response pathways against influenza after vaccination during diabetes. We propose a need for a sex-specific customized vaccine regimen to be implemented against influenza for individuals having diabetes to exploit the manifested strength and weakness in their protective immunity.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-10597737
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2023
publisher Hindawi
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-105977372023-10-25 Sex-Specific Immune Responses to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Diabetic Individuals: Implications for Vaccine Efficacy Sengupta, Anirban Al-Otaibi, Noha Hinkula, Jorma J Immunol Res Research Article Seasonal influenza vaccination has different implications on the immune response depending on the comorbidities. Diabetes is one such critical disease that increases the patient's susceptibility to influenza and suppresses vaccine efficacy and immunity. The sex of the individuals also plays a definitive role in the immune responses to both the vaccine and the infection. This study aims to understand the efficacy of the seasonal vaccine against influenza in diabetic groups and undergoing immune mechanisms in different sexes (females and males). In this study, we are reporting about a switching of the immune response of the infected and vaccinated diabetic females towards stronger Th1/Th17 responses with suppressed humoral immunity. They show increased cDC1, enhanced proinflammatory activities within T cells, CD8T activation, Th17 proliferation, and the majority of IgG2 antibody subtypes with reduced neutralization potential. Males with diabetes exhibit enhanced humoral Th2-immunity than the nondiabetic group. They exhibit higher cDC2, and DEC205 levels within them with an increase in plasma B lymphocytes, higher IgG1 subtypes in plasma cells, and influenza-hemagglutinin-specific IgG titer with stronger virus neutralization potential. Males with diabetes recovered better than the females as observed from the changes in their body weight. This study highlights the critical immune mechanisms and sex-specific swapping of their preferred immune response pathways against influenza after vaccination during diabetes. We propose a need for a sex-specific customized vaccine regimen to be implemented against influenza for individuals having diabetes to exploit the manifested strength and weakness in their protective immunity. Hindawi 2023-10-17 /pmc/articles/PMC10597737/ /pubmed/37881338 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3111351 Text en Copyright © 2023 Anirban Sengupta et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Sengupta, Anirban
Al-Otaibi, Noha
Hinkula, Jorma
Sex-Specific Immune Responses to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Diabetic Individuals: Implications for Vaccine Efficacy
title Sex-Specific Immune Responses to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Diabetic Individuals: Implications for Vaccine Efficacy
title_full Sex-Specific Immune Responses to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Diabetic Individuals: Implications for Vaccine Efficacy
title_fullStr Sex-Specific Immune Responses to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Diabetic Individuals: Implications for Vaccine Efficacy
title_full_unstemmed Sex-Specific Immune Responses to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Diabetic Individuals: Implications for Vaccine Efficacy
title_short Sex-Specific Immune Responses to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Diabetic Individuals: Implications for Vaccine Efficacy
title_sort sex-specific immune responses to seasonal influenza vaccination in diabetic individuals: implications for vaccine efficacy
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10597737/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37881338
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3111351
work_keys_str_mv AT senguptaanirban sexspecificimmuneresponsestoseasonalinfluenzavaccinationindiabeticindividualsimplicationsforvaccineefficacy
AT alotaibinoha sexspecificimmuneresponsestoseasonalinfluenzavaccinationindiabeticindividualsimplicationsforvaccineefficacy
AT hinkulajorma sexspecificimmuneresponsestoseasonalinfluenzavaccinationindiabeticindividualsimplicationsforvaccineefficacy