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Sex-Specific Immune Responses to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Diabetic Individuals: Implications for Vaccine Efficacy
Seasonal influenza vaccination has different implications on the immune response depending on the comorbidities. Diabetes is one such critical disease that increases the patient's susceptibility to influenza and suppresses vaccine efficacy and immunity. The sex of the individuals also plays a d...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10597737/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37881338 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3111351 |
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author | Sengupta, Anirban Al-Otaibi, Noha Hinkula, Jorma |
author_facet | Sengupta, Anirban Al-Otaibi, Noha Hinkula, Jorma |
author_sort | Sengupta, Anirban |
collection | PubMed |
description | Seasonal influenza vaccination has different implications on the immune response depending on the comorbidities. Diabetes is one such critical disease that increases the patient's susceptibility to influenza and suppresses vaccine efficacy and immunity. The sex of the individuals also plays a definitive role in the immune responses to both the vaccine and the infection. This study aims to understand the efficacy of the seasonal vaccine against influenza in diabetic groups and undergoing immune mechanisms in different sexes (females and males). In this study, we are reporting about a switching of the immune response of the infected and vaccinated diabetic females towards stronger Th1/Th17 responses with suppressed humoral immunity. They show increased cDC1, enhanced proinflammatory activities within T cells, CD8T activation, Th17 proliferation, and the majority of IgG2 antibody subtypes with reduced neutralization potential. Males with diabetes exhibit enhanced humoral Th2-immunity than the nondiabetic group. They exhibit higher cDC2, and DEC205 levels within them with an increase in plasma B lymphocytes, higher IgG1 subtypes in plasma cells, and influenza-hemagglutinin-specific IgG titer with stronger virus neutralization potential. Males with diabetes recovered better than the females as observed from the changes in their body weight. This study highlights the critical immune mechanisms and sex-specific swapping of their preferred immune response pathways against influenza after vaccination during diabetes. We propose a need for a sex-specific customized vaccine regimen to be implemented against influenza for individuals having diabetes to exploit the manifested strength and weakness in their protective immunity. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10597737 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Hindawi |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105977372023-10-25 Sex-Specific Immune Responses to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Diabetic Individuals: Implications for Vaccine Efficacy Sengupta, Anirban Al-Otaibi, Noha Hinkula, Jorma J Immunol Res Research Article Seasonal influenza vaccination has different implications on the immune response depending on the comorbidities. Diabetes is one such critical disease that increases the patient's susceptibility to influenza and suppresses vaccine efficacy and immunity. The sex of the individuals also plays a definitive role in the immune responses to both the vaccine and the infection. This study aims to understand the efficacy of the seasonal vaccine against influenza in diabetic groups and undergoing immune mechanisms in different sexes (females and males). In this study, we are reporting about a switching of the immune response of the infected and vaccinated diabetic females towards stronger Th1/Th17 responses with suppressed humoral immunity. They show increased cDC1, enhanced proinflammatory activities within T cells, CD8T activation, Th17 proliferation, and the majority of IgG2 antibody subtypes with reduced neutralization potential. Males with diabetes exhibit enhanced humoral Th2-immunity than the nondiabetic group. They exhibit higher cDC2, and DEC205 levels within them with an increase in plasma B lymphocytes, higher IgG1 subtypes in plasma cells, and influenza-hemagglutinin-specific IgG titer with stronger virus neutralization potential. Males with diabetes recovered better than the females as observed from the changes in their body weight. This study highlights the critical immune mechanisms and sex-specific swapping of their preferred immune response pathways against influenza after vaccination during diabetes. We propose a need for a sex-specific customized vaccine regimen to be implemented against influenza for individuals having diabetes to exploit the manifested strength and weakness in their protective immunity. Hindawi 2023-10-17 /pmc/articles/PMC10597737/ /pubmed/37881338 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3111351 Text en Copyright © 2023 Anirban Sengupta et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Sengupta, Anirban Al-Otaibi, Noha Hinkula, Jorma Sex-Specific Immune Responses to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Diabetic Individuals: Implications for Vaccine Efficacy |
title | Sex-Specific Immune Responses to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Diabetic Individuals: Implications for Vaccine Efficacy |
title_full | Sex-Specific Immune Responses to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Diabetic Individuals: Implications for Vaccine Efficacy |
title_fullStr | Sex-Specific Immune Responses to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Diabetic Individuals: Implications for Vaccine Efficacy |
title_full_unstemmed | Sex-Specific Immune Responses to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Diabetic Individuals: Implications for Vaccine Efficacy |
title_short | Sex-Specific Immune Responses to Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Diabetic Individuals: Implications for Vaccine Efficacy |
title_sort | sex-specific immune responses to seasonal influenza vaccination in diabetic individuals: implications for vaccine efficacy |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10597737/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37881338 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/3111351 |
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