Estimation of Serum 1,25-Dihydroxycholecalciferol and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Levels in Chronic Periodontitis

Background: Major trials in the field of periodontics include a thorough understanding of its pathophysiology and the interplay between host response and periodontal factors. Certain factors such as vitamin D play a crucial role in immune regulation and their depletion is known to contribute to the onset of periodontitis. Research efforts continue to unravel the impact of elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α on osteoclastogenesis in periodontitis. Materials and methods: The study comprised a total of 64 participants, with 33 men and 31 women, including 32 individuals with chronic periodontitis and 32 people without the condition. ELISA was employed to determine the concentrations of TNF-α and 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)(2)D) in the participants. Clinical attachment levels, probing pocket depth, gingival bleeding index, and plaque index were meticulously measured. Subsequent to data collection, appropriate statistical tests were conducted. Results: The mean serum levels of 1,25(OH)(2)D in test and control groups are 173.59 ± 52.60 and 401.47 ± 99.81, respectively. The mean serum levels of TNF-α in the test and control groups are 1078.09 ± 231.51 and 204.75 ± 68.31, respectively. The TNF-α levels exhibited a statistically significant difference between test and control groups (p = 0.0001) at a 5% level of significance. Conclusion: Decreased levels of 1,25(OH)(2)D led to increased values of periodontal parameters. There was also a significant increase in serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α.