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Medical students’ experiences, perceptions, and management of second victim: an interview study

BACKGROUND: The term second victim describes a healthcare professional who has been involved in an adverse event and feels wounded by the event. The effects of this experience differ. It can present as second victim syndrome, describing a wide range and degree of emotional and behavioural responses....

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Autores principales: Krogh, Tobias Browall, Mielke-Christensen, Anne, Madsen, Marlene Dyrløv, Østergaard, Doris, Dieckmann, Peter
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10598910/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37875909
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04763-7
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author Krogh, Tobias Browall
Mielke-Christensen, Anne
Madsen, Marlene Dyrløv
Østergaard, Doris
Dieckmann, Peter
author_facet Krogh, Tobias Browall
Mielke-Christensen, Anne
Madsen, Marlene Dyrløv
Østergaard, Doris
Dieckmann, Peter
author_sort Krogh, Tobias Browall
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The term second victim describes a healthcare professional who has been involved in an adverse event and feels wounded by the event. The effects of this experience differ. It can present as second victim syndrome, describing a wide range and degree of emotional and behavioural responses. Studies show that medical students can also experience second victim. The aim of this study was to elucidate medical students’ experiences, perceptions, and management of second victim and second victim syndrome and to describe possible learning needs around these issues. METHODS: Thirteen medical students and two recent medical graduates participated in semi-structured focus group interviews. The interviews lasted 1.5–2 h and were audiotaped, transcribed, and analysed using Braun and Clarke’s six-step approach for thematic analysis. RESULTS: Four main themes were identified: contributing factors; current coping strategies; perception of own requirements and learning needs; wishes for the future healthcare system. Students’ behavioural and emotional response to dilemmas were affected by stakeholders and practices embedded in the healthcare system. Students described patient-injury and unexpected events as triggers for second victim, but also harmful interactions with individuals and feelings of self-blame. Students’ coping centred around their network, formal offers, and separation of personal- and work-life. Students sought a clear definition of second victim and a desire for role-models. Students' wished to learn how to handle feeling like a burden to others, managing waiting time after patient complaints, and learning how to help second victims recover. Students emphasized the importance of the healthcare organisation understanding students’ needs and providing them relevant support. CONCLUSION: Students experience second victim as described in the literature. Students’ emotional responses were caused by classical second victim triggers, but also other triggers in the educational environment: harmful interactions and self-blame. Although some triggers differ from the second victim definition, these different triggers should be considered equally serious and acknowledged. We must aim to prepare students for future adverse events and emotional responses. The health organisation and healthcare professionals must support students’ mental well-being and contribute to ideal conditions for students' professional development and management of second victim as future physicians. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12909-023-04763-7.
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spelling pubmed-105989102023-10-26 Medical students’ experiences, perceptions, and management of second victim: an interview study Krogh, Tobias Browall Mielke-Christensen, Anne Madsen, Marlene Dyrløv Østergaard, Doris Dieckmann, Peter BMC Med Educ Research BACKGROUND: The term second victim describes a healthcare professional who has been involved in an adverse event and feels wounded by the event. The effects of this experience differ. It can present as second victim syndrome, describing a wide range and degree of emotional and behavioural responses. Studies show that medical students can also experience second victim. The aim of this study was to elucidate medical students’ experiences, perceptions, and management of second victim and second victim syndrome and to describe possible learning needs around these issues. METHODS: Thirteen medical students and two recent medical graduates participated in semi-structured focus group interviews. The interviews lasted 1.5–2 h and were audiotaped, transcribed, and analysed using Braun and Clarke’s six-step approach for thematic analysis. RESULTS: Four main themes were identified: contributing factors; current coping strategies; perception of own requirements and learning needs; wishes for the future healthcare system. Students’ behavioural and emotional response to dilemmas were affected by stakeholders and practices embedded in the healthcare system. Students described patient-injury and unexpected events as triggers for second victim, but also harmful interactions with individuals and feelings of self-blame. Students’ coping centred around their network, formal offers, and separation of personal- and work-life. Students sought a clear definition of second victim and a desire for role-models. Students' wished to learn how to handle feeling like a burden to others, managing waiting time after patient complaints, and learning how to help second victims recover. Students emphasized the importance of the healthcare organisation understanding students’ needs and providing them relevant support. CONCLUSION: Students experience second victim as described in the literature. Students’ emotional responses were caused by classical second victim triggers, but also other triggers in the educational environment: harmful interactions and self-blame. Although some triggers differ from the second victim definition, these different triggers should be considered equally serious and acknowledged. We must aim to prepare students for future adverse events and emotional responses. The health organisation and healthcare professionals must support students’ mental well-being and contribute to ideal conditions for students' professional development and management of second victim as future physicians. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12909-023-04763-7. BioMed Central 2023-10-24 /pmc/articles/PMC10598910/ /pubmed/37875909 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04763-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2023 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Krogh, Tobias Browall
Mielke-Christensen, Anne
Madsen, Marlene Dyrløv
Østergaard, Doris
Dieckmann, Peter
Medical students’ experiences, perceptions, and management of second victim: an interview study
title Medical students’ experiences, perceptions, and management of second victim: an interview study
title_full Medical students’ experiences, perceptions, and management of second victim: an interview study
title_fullStr Medical students’ experiences, perceptions, and management of second victim: an interview study
title_full_unstemmed Medical students’ experiences, perceptions, and management of second victim: an interview study
title_short Medical students’ experiences, perceptions, and management of second victim: an interview study
title_sort medical students’ experiences, perceptions, and management of second victim: an interview study
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10598910/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37875909
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12909-023-04763-7
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