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Three-Dimensional Printed Hydroxyapatite Bone Substitutes Designed by a Novel Periodic Minimal Surface Algorithm Are Highly Osteoconductive
Autologous bone remains the gold standard bone substitute in clinical practice. Therefore, the microarchitecture of newly developed synthetic bone substitutes, which reflects the spatial distribution of materials in the scaffold, aims to recapitulate the natural bone microarchitecture. However, the...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers
2023
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10599419/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37886403 http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2022.0134 |
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author | Maevskaia, Ekaterina Khera, Nupur Ghayor, Chafik Bhattacharya, Indranil Guerrero, Julien Nicholls, Flora Waldvogel, Christian Bärtschi, Ralph Fritschi, Lea Salamon, Dániel Özcan, Mutlu Malgaroli, Patrick Seiler, Daniel de Wild, Michael Weber, Franz E. |
author_facet | Maevskaia, Ekaterina Khera, Nupur Ghayor, Chafik Bhattacharya, Indranil Guerrero, Julien Nicholls, Flora Waldvogel, Christian Bärtschi, Ralph Fritschi, Lea Salamon, Dániel Özcan, Mutlu Malgaroli, Patrick Seiler, Daniel de Wild, Michael Weber, Franz E. |
author_sort | Maevskaia, Ekaterina |
collection | PubMed |
description | Autologous bone remains the gold standard bone substitute in clinical practice. Therefore, the microarchitecture of newly developed synthetic bone substitutes, which reflects the spatial distribution of materials in the scaffold, aims to recapitulate the natural bone microarchitecture. However, the natural bone microarchitecture is optimized to obtain a mechanically stable, lightweight structure adapted to the biomechanical loading situation. In the context of synthetic bone substitutes, the application of a Triply Periodic Minimum Surface (TPMS) algorithm can yield stable lightweight microarchitectures that, despite their demanding architectural complexity, can be produced by additive manufacturing. In this study, we applied the TPMS derivative Adaptive Density Minimal Surfaces (ADMS) algorithm to produce scaffolds from hydroxyapatite (HA) using a lithography-based layer-by-layer methodology and compared them with an established highly osteoconductive lattice microarchitecture. We characterized them for compression strength, osteoconductivity, and bone regeneration. The in vivo results, based on a rabbit calvaria defect model, showed that bony ingrowth into ADMS constructs as a measure of osteoconduction depended on minimal constriction as it limited the maximum apparent pore diameter in these scaffolds to 1.53 mm. Osteoconduction decreased significantly at a diameter of 1.76 mm. The most suitable ADMS microarchitecture was as osteoconductive as a highly osteoconductive orthogonal lattice microarchitecture in noncritical- and critical-size calvarial defects. However, the compression strength and microarchitectural integrity in vivo were significantly higher for scaffolds with their microarchitecture based on the ADMS algorithm when compared with high-connectivity lattice microarchitectures. Therefore, bone substitutes with high osteoconductivity can be designed with the advantages of the ADMS-based microarchitectures. As TPMS and ADMS microarchitectures are true lightweight structures optimized for high mechanical stability with a minimal amount of material, such microarchitectures appear most suitable for bone substitutes used in clinical settings to treat bone defects in weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing sites. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10599419 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105994192023-10-26 Three-Dimensional Printed Hydroxyapatite Bone Substitutes Designed by a Novel Periodic Minimal Surface Algorithm Are Highly Osteoconductive Maevskaia, Ekaterina Khera, Nupur Ghayor, Chafik Bhattacharya, Indranil Guerrero, Julien Nicholls, Flora Waldvogel, Christian Bärtschi, Ralph Fritschi, Lea Salamon, Dániel Özcan, Mutlu Malgaroli, Patrick Seiler, Daniel de Wild, Michael Weber, Franz E. 3D Print Addit Manuf Original Articles Autologous bone remains the gold standard bone substitute in clinical practice. Therefore, the microarchitecture of newly developed synthetic bone substitutes, which reflects the spatial distribution of materials in the scaffold, aims to recapitulate the natural bone microarchitecture. However, the natural bone microarchitecture is optimized to obtain a mechanically stable, lightweight structure adapted to the biomechanical loading situation. In the context of synthetic bone substitutes, the application of a Triply Periodic Minimum Surface (TPMS) algorithm can yield stable lightweight microarchitectures that, despite their demanding architectural complexity, can be produced by additive manufacturing. In this study, we applied the TPMS derivative Adaptive Density Minimal Surfaces (ADMS) algorithm to produce scaffolds from hydroxyapatite (HA) using a lithography-based layer-by-layer methodology and compared them with an established highly osteoconductive lattice microarchitecture. We characterized them for compression strength, osteoconductivity, and bone regeneration. The in vivo results, based on a rabbit calvaria defect model, showed that bony ingrowth into ADMS constructs as a measure of osteoconduction depended on minimal constriction as it limited the maximum apparent pore diameter in these scaffolds to 1.53 mm. Osteoconduction decreased significantly at a diameter of 1.76 mm. The most suitable ADMS microarchitecture was as osteoconductive as a highly osteoconductive orthogonal lattice microarchitecture in noncritical- and critical-size calvarial defects. However, the compression strength and microarchitectural integrity in vivo were significantly higher for scaffolds with their microarchitecture based on the ADMS algorithm when compared with high-connectivity lattice microarchitectures. Therefore, bone substitutes with high osteoconductivity can be designed with the advantages of the ADMS-based microarchitectures. As TPMS and ADMS microarchitectures are true lightweight structures optimized for high mechanical stability with a minimal amount of material, such microarchitectures appear most suitable for bone substitutes used in clinical settings to treat bone defects in weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing sites. Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishers 2023-10-01 2023-10-10 /pmc/articles/PMC10599419/ /pubmed/37886403 http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2022.0134 Text en © Ekaterina Maevskaia et al., 2023; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This Open Access article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons License [CC-BY] (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) ), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Articles Maevskaia, Ekaterina Khera, Nupur Ghayor, Chafik Bhattacharya, Indranil Guerrero, Julien Nicholls, Flora Waldvogel, Christian Bärtschi, Ralph Fritschi, Lea Salamon, Dániel Özcan, Mutlu Malgaroli, Patrick Seiler, Daniel de Wild, Michael Weber, Franz E. Three-Dimensional Printed Hydroxyapatite Bone Substitutes Designed by a Novel Periodic Minimal Surface Algorithm Are Highly Osteoconductive |
title | Three-Dimensional Printed Hydroxyapatite Bone Substitutes Designed by a Novel Periodic Minimal Surface Algorithm Are Highly Osteoconductive |
title_full | Three-Dimensional Printed Hydroxyapatite Bone Substitutes Designed by a Novel Periodic Minimal Surface Algorithm Are Highly Osteoconductive |
title_fullStr | Three-Dimensional Printed Hydroxyapatite Bone Substitutes Designed by a Novel Periodic Minimal Surface Algorithm Are Highly Osteoconductive |
title_full_unstemmed | Three-Dimensional Printed Hydroxyapatite Bone Substitutes Designed by a Novel Periodic Minimal Surface Algorithm Are Highly Osteoconductive |
title_short | Three-Dimensional Printed Hydroxyapatite Bone Substitutes Designed by a Novel Periodic Minimal Surface Algorithm Are Highly Osteoconductive |
title_sort | three-dimensional printed hydroxyapatite bone substitutes designed by a novel periodic minimal surface algorithm are highly osteoconductive |
topic | Original Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10599419/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37886403 http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2022.0134 |
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