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Race, everyday discrimination, and cognitive function in later life

Discrimination is pernicious in many ways, but there are inconsistent findings regarding whether it is harmful to cognitive function in later life. To address the inconsistency, we use two closely related concepts of everyday discrimination to predict cognitive trajectories in a diverse sample. Usin...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Ferraro, Kenneth F., Zaborenko, Callie J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2023
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10599523/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37878577
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292617
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author Ferraro, Kenneth F.
Zaborenko, Callie J.
author_facet Ferraro, Kenneth F.
Zaborenko, Callie J.
author_sort Ferraro, Kenneth F.
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description Discrimination is pernicious in many ways, but there are inconsistent findings regarding whether it is harmful to cognitive function in later life. To address the inconsistency, we use two closely related concepts of everyday discrimination to predict cognitive trajectories in a diverse sample. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we examine whether the frequency of discrimination, measured at baseline with six questions, is related to poorer cognitive function and change in function over time (2008–2016). Age at baseline ranged from 53 to 100. Growth curve models of initial cognitive function and change in function were estimated. Everyday global discrimination was associated with poorer initial cognition and slower declines over time, and these relationships were not moderated by race and ethnicity. By contrast, the relationship between everyday racial discrimination and cognition was moderated by race: more frequent everyday racial discrimination was associated with better initial cognitive function among Black adults but not among Hispanic and White adults. Discrimination is a multifaceted concept, and specific types of discrimination manifest lower or higher cognitive function during later life for White, Black, and Hispanic adults.
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spelling pubmed-105995232023-10-26 Race, everyday discrimination, and cognitive function in later life Ferraro, Kenneth F. Zaborenko, Callie J. PLoS One Research Article Discrimination is pernicious in many ways, but there are inconsistent findings regarding whether it is harmful to cognitive function in later life. To address the inconsistency, we use two closely related concepts of everyday discrimination to predict cognitive trajectories in a diverse sample. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we examine whether the frequency of discrimination, measured at baseline with six questions, is related to poorer cognitive function and change in function over time (2008–2016). Age at baseline ranged from 53 to 100. Growth curve models of initial cognitive function and change in function were estimated. Everyday global discrimination was associated with poorer initial cognition and slower declines over time, and these relationships were not moderated by race and ethnicity. By contrast, the relationship between everyday racial discrimination and cognition was moderated by race: more frequent everyday racial discrimination was associated with better initial cognitive function among Black adults but not among Hispanic and White adults. Discrimination is a multifaceted concept, and specific types of discrimination manifest lower or higher cognitive function during later life for White, Black, and Hispanic adults. Public Library of Science 2023-10-25 /pmc/articles/PMC10599523/ /pubmed/37878577 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292617 Text en © 2023 Ferraro, Zaborenko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Ferraro, Kenneth F.
Zaborenko, Callie J.
Race, everyday discrimination, and cognitive function in later life
title Race, everyday discrimination, and cognitive function in later life
title_full Race, everyday discrimination, and cognitive function in later life
title_fullStr Race, everyday discrimination, and cognitive function in later life
title_full_unstemmed Race, everyday discrimination, and cognitive function in later life
title_short Race, everyday discrimination, and cognitive function in later life
title_sort race, everyday discrimination, and cognitive function in later life
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10599523/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37878577
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292617
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