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Race, everyday discrimination, and cognitive function in later life
Discrimination is pernicious in many ways, but there are inconsistent findings regarding whether it is harmful to cognitive function in later life. To address the inconsistency, we use two closely related concepts of everyday discrimination to predict cognitive trajectories in a diverse sample. Usin...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2023
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10599523/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37878577 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292617 |
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author | Ferraro, Kenneth F. Zaborenko, Callie J. |
author_facet | Ferraro, Kenneth F. Zaborenko, Callie J. |
author_sort | Ferraro, Kenneth F. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Discrimination is pernicious in many ways, but there are inconsistent findings regarding whether it is harmful to cognitive function in later life. To address the inconsistency, we use two closely related concepts of everyday discrimination to predict cognitive trajectories in a diverse sample. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we examine whether the frequency of discrimination, measured at baseline with six questions, is related to poorer cognitive function and change in function over time (2008–2016). Age at baseline ranged from 53 to 100. Growth curve models of initial cognitive function and change in function were estimated. Everyday global discrimination was associated with poorer initial cognition and slower declines over time, and these relationships were not moderated by race and ethnicity. By contrast, the relationship between everyday racial discrimination and cognition was moderated by race: more frequent everyday racial discrimination was associated with better initial cognitive function among Black adults but not among Hispanic and White adults. Discrimination is a multifaceted concept, and specific types of discrimination manifest lower or higher cognitive function during later life for White, Black, and Hispanic adults. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-10599523 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2023 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-105995232023-10-26 Race, everyday discrimination, and cognitive function in later life Ferraro, Kenneth F. Zaborenko, Callie J. PLoS One Research Article Discrimination is pernicious in many ways, but there are inconsistent findings regarding whether it is harmful to cognitive function in later life. To address the inconsistency, we use two closely related concepts of everyday discrimination to predict cognitive trajectories in a diverse sample. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), we examine whether the frequency of discrimination, measured at baseline with six questions, is related to poorer cognitive function and change in function over time (2008–2016). Age at baseline ranged from 53 to 100. Growth curve models of initial cognitive function and change in function were estimated. Everyday global discrimination was associated with poorer initial cognition and slower declines over time, and these relationships were not moderated by race and ethnicity. By contrast, the relationship between everyday racial discrimination and cognition was moderated by race: more frequent everyday racial discrimination was associated with better initial cognitive function among Black adults but not among Hispanic and White adults. Discrimination is a multifaceted concept, and specific types of discrimination manifest lower or higher cognitive function during later life for White, Black, and Hispanic adults. Public Library of Science 2023-10-25 /pmc/articles/PMC10599523/ /pubmed/37878577 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292617 Text en © 2023 Ferraro, Zaborenko https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Ferraro, Kenneth F. Zaborenko, Callie J. Race, everyday discrimination, and cognitive function in later life |
title | Race, everyday discrimination, and cognitive function in later life |
title_full | Race, everyday discrimination, and cognitive function in later life |
title_fullStr | Race, everyday discrimination, and cognitive function in later life |
title_full_unstemmed | Race, everyday discrimination, and cognitive function in later life |
title_short | Race, everyday discrimination, and cognitive function in later life |
title_sort | race, everyday discrimination, and cognitive function in later life |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10599523/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37878577 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0292617 |
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