Link between human ABO blood groups with diseases influencing blood donors and recipients frequency at RBTC, Delhi, India

Blood groups had associations with many diseases that affect blood transfusion services by increasing or decreasing the blood demand of particular blood group. The present study was designed to compare the frequency of ABO and Rh blood groups among blood donors and blood component recipients. The ABO and Rh(D) blood groups of donors and recipients were determined using Gel card method. The frequency of blood donors and blood component recipients from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2023, at regional blood transfusion centre of Delhi, were compared using χ² test. The ABO blood group frequencies of blood donors (n=23025) were: A(23.1%), B(37.53%), AB(10.09%), and O(29.29%). The blood issue (n=20255) was significantly (p=0.0000) higher in A(24.96%), B(39.92%), and lower in AB(9.76%) and O(25.37%). The RDP issue (n=7239) was significantly (p=0.0000) higher in A(24.71%), B(39.34%), and AB(11.53%) and lower in O(24.41%). The FFP issue (n=4164) was significantly (p=0.00024) higher in AB (12.3%) and lower in A (22.05%), B(37.32%), and O(28.14%). The difference between the blood donor frequencies of Rh(D)+Ve(95.19%) and Rh(D)-Ve(4.81%) and the blood issued by Rh(D)+Ve(95.06%) and Rh(D)-Ve(4.94%) was statistically not significant(P=0.52).Blood issues were higher in blood group A and B than in O, platelet issues were higher in A, B and AB than in O, and FFP issues were higher in the AB. Non-O blood groups may have a higher frequency of blood transfusions, while O blood groups may have a protective influence against diseases due to their innate immune response.