Prevalencia y factores de riesgo de infección del tracto urinario en embarazadas

BACKGROUND: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most prevalent in pregnant women. There are associated risk factors that predispose the acquisition of a UTI in pregnancy, which can cause serious complications for mother and child. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of UTI and associated risk factors in pregnant women at the Hospital Básico de Sangolquí. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Observational, cross-sectional, analytical study conducted in 570 pregnant women from January 1 2021 to August 30 2022. The prevalence and risk factors associated with UTI were analyzed through 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) and odds ratio (OR) calculation. RESULTS: The global prevalence of UTI in pregnant women was 37.7% (IC 95% 33.7-41.7). The most frequent etiology was Escherichia coli (65.4%), followed by Staphylococcus spp. (21.8%). The age of pregnant women ranged from 12 to 45 years, with an average of 27.55 ± 7 years, out of which those with a previous history of UTI were at greater risk of presenting UTI (OR 4.05; 95% CI 2.65-6.18), followed by diabetes mellitus (OR 2.25; 95% CI 2.48-3.44), and overweight (OR 1.48; 95% CI 1.05-2.10). Regarding gestational age, the third trimester was a protective factor for UTI (OR 0.65; 95% CI 0.46-0.92]). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of UTI for pregnant women was 37.7%. The most frequent etiology was Escherichia coli. A history of UTI prior to pregnancy was the main risk factor.