Sleep-EEG in comorbid pain and insomnia: implications for the treatment of pain disorders

INTRODUCTION: Patients with chronic pain experience a high prevalence of comorbid insomnia, which is associated with functional impairment. Recent advances in sleep electroencephalography (sleep-EEG) may clarify the mechanisms that link sleep and chronic pain. In this clinical update, we outline current advancements in sleep-EEG assessments for pain and provide research recommendations. RESULTS: Promising preliminary work suggests that sleep-EEG spectral bands, particularly beta, gamma, alpha, and delta power, may create candidate neurophysiological signatures of pain, and macro-architectural parameters (e.g., total sleep time, arousals, and sleep continuity) may facilitate EEG-derived sleep phenotyping and may enable future stratification in the treatment of pain. CONCLUSION: Integration of measures obtained through sleep-EEG represent feasible and scalable approaches that could be adopted in the future. We provide research recommendations to progress the field towards a deeper understanding of their utility and potential future applications in clinical practice.