Enhancement the crystallization and electro-magnetic properties of BaO–Al(2)O(3)–B(2)O(3) glass ceramics doped with Nd(2)O(3)-rare earth

In the present study, a novel glass system containing Neodymium(III) oxide with BaO, Al(2)O(3), and B(2)O(3) were created via a popular melt-quenching technique. Nd(2)O(3) were added, in different concentrations, instead of B(2)O(3) to study its impact on the crystallization, and electro-magnetic behaviors of the prepared poly-crystalline materials. Thermal characteristics via DTA, XRD and SEM techniques were involved to explore the crystallization and structural properties. The magnetic parameters of the prepared glass–ceramics were studied by VSM measurements. As well the electric properties were also explored. BaB(2)O(4) and Al(BO(3)) phases were firstly crystallized then Ba(3)Nd(BO(3))(3) phase was incompletely precipitated instead of BaB(2)O(4) phase owing to Nd(2)O(3) additions. As well, the internal structure was modified from coarse crystals to fine grain microstructure. The crystallization study proved that the addition of neodymium improved the crystallization process of the BaO–Al(2)O(3)–B(2)O(3) glass system. The VSM and conductivity analysis for the crystalline materials proved that the Nd(2)O(3)/B(2)O(3) substitutions led to an increase in the electrical and magnetic parameters of the investigated materials. The data obtained from the prepared crystalline specimen showed that these materials are with a distinct and promising ferro-electrical property for use in diverse modern applications.