Complete response of metastatic BRAF V600-mutant anaplastic thyroid cancer following adjuvant dabrafenib and trametinib treatment: A case report

BACKGROUND: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare but aggressive type of thyroid carcinoma. BRAF V600E-mutation, which is found in 10%-50% of ATCs, is associated with poor prognosis. A recent clinical trial reported a substantial clinical benefit of concomitant treatment of dabrafenib (BRAF inhibitor) and trametinib (MEK inhibitor) for treating BRAF V600E-mutant ATC. However, reports on patients with ATC treated with this regimen following surgery are lacking. CASE SUMMARY: We report the case of a 63-year-old female patient diagnosed with BRAF V600E-mutant ATC. Following three surgeries—total thyroidectomy, total laryngectomy, and neck dissection—she was diagnosed with lung metastasis during follow-up. The metastatic ATC was successfully treated with dabrafenib and trametinib. The patient achieved a complete response at the 32-mo follow-up. CONCLUSION: Adjuvant chemotherapy with dabrafenib plus trametinib is efficacious for treatment and prevention of recurrent ATC with BRAF mutation following surgery.